Motivation Is Central Of Creativity, Productivity And...

Motivation is central to creativity, productivity and happiness. Motivation is what causes a person to react the way they do to a situation. It is what drives a person to get more of what they want and feel passionate about in their lives. It gives that person a sense of happiness and creates purpose. On the other hand, de-motivation is how a person unwillingness to react to a situation with a positive outlook and enthusiasm. The person has lost their drive and lack interest. Kaluyu Memorial Hospital has many indications that the staff and more importantly the leaders have been de-motivated, and lack interest in their job. The staff has no sense of a team environment, fear has crippled the staff, and there is no confidence in reporting of inappropriate behavior, the staff feels that the leadership does not care about them, i.e. the refrigerators that do not work well. Kaluyu Memorial Hospital is suffering severely from the impact of the de-motivated staff and leadership. Leadership at the hospital show no concern when staff return to work with unwashed or unchanged cloths. That should have been an indication to leadership that the employee is de-motived and does not good hygiene. One negative impact of the de-motivated staff is the patients are not receiving adequate care for the severe cases patients and could possibly be detrimental, especially to the weaken immune system of the HIV/AIDS ward patients. If the hospital leaders do not make some changes the hospital willShow MoreRelatedWhy Is Motivation So Imperative? Essay1314 Words   |  6 Pagesmotivate people, motivation must be balanced throughout the workplace (Forbes). Keeping employees motivated is a crucial element in order to retain the best employees in the company. Why is motivation so imperative in the workplace? There are numerous reasons why companies should have a motivated workforce. Motivated employees will not only work quicker, but they will also use creativity to help the organization save millions of dollars by implementing new ideas. For many years, motivation has been studiedRead MoreHuman Resource Essay example3782 Words   |  16 Pages1980s (and from then onward) led to a fundamental shift in the foundations of managerial discourses. The rationalist obsessions of the 1950s and 1960s receded into the background of managerial discourse (they are still central but less obvious), and a new motif became central and visible: the self, or subjectivity. The genesis of HRM in its current form has its roots in the multiple crises of the 1970s and early 1980s. The historical evidence shows – unsurprisingly – that the disciplinary bodyRead MoreWe Create Happiness By Providing The Best In Entertainment1379 Words   |  6 Pages We create happiness by providing the best in entertainment for people of all ages everywhere. Ideas come from curiosity, all our dreams will come true if we have the courage to pursue them. Walt Disney Writing skill: Directly, emotionally and logically Specific Introductionï ¼ Essay Map â€Å"Culture can be the engine for economic, social and environmental transformation of the space in which we live. Culture is not passive; rather it is one of the fastest growingRead MoreHuman Relations Model Of Management1883 Words   |  8 Pagesdepending on whether they rely on adaptability and innovation for survival or whether their central aim is mass production to keep up with an ever-increasing demand. The two scenarios described would either adopt a scientific management approach or a human relations model of management. The latter of which will be argued is the most effective method when an organisation is dependent on innovation and creativity for its survival. First it is helpful to address what is meant by the term ‘management’Read MoreMaslow Inventory Test Results2749 Words   |  11 Pagesbe more internally fulfilled is a question Maslow does not answer. But history would suggest many advanced minds had few relationships so this stage would seem to be more about resolving internal perceptions than as a call for measuring/achieving happiness by quality of external relationships. Esteem Needs: you appear to have a low level of skill competence. Maslow speculates that until you develop a good skill set (talent, trade, expertise that you excel at) you will be unable to develop furtherRead MoreIndividual Balanced Scorecard4561 Words   |  19 PagesWhy Your Employees Are Not Happy and Engaged; Personal Balanced Scorecard as Roadmap for Employees Happiness and Engagement Dr. Hubert Rampersad Lack of engagement is endemic, and is causing large and small organizations all over the world to incur excess costs, under perform on critical tasks, and create widespread customer dissatisfaction. The annual financial loss in the US due to disengagement of managers and employees is about $300B US (Gallup Poll, 2005). Improving organizationalRead More Abraham Maslow on Self-Actualization, Motivation and Humanistic Theory2428 Words   |  10 Pagesvarious strata of motivation beginning with the basic needs to survive. But does everyone reach that pinnacle? We will find that only a few who have paddled through the various strata will ultimately succeed in negotiating the entire hierarchy of needs. Some people, such as those ravaged by famine in a poor country, without the means to get beyond the next meal may never reach Maslow’s self-actualisation or transcendence. However, no one theory will fully explain human motivation, there are limitationsRead MoreEssay on Active Lea dership2579 Words   |  11 Pagesbetween authority and creative freedom. Wiegold also contends that a creative leaders must establish a strong center of core characteristics. Leaders must be confident, creative while some leaders lack control and fails to delegate which reduces productivity and structure among team members. Strategic HR review provides in-depth leadership understanding in the area of authority and creative leadership skills (Wiegold, 2011). Leadership is having the ability to motivate people in reaching common goalsRead MoreUsefulness And Effectiveness Of The Employee Voice2209 Words   |  9 Pagesbetween and the affect of the psychological contract, and its similarities to motivation, and to what impact do line managers have on engagement overall, which relates to the research objectives for this report. As defined by Daniels (2010) a combination of commitment to the organisation and its values and a willingness to help out colleagues (organisational citizenship). It goes beyond job satisfaction and is not simply motivation. Engagement is something the employee has to offer, it cannot be ‘required’Read MoreWhy Telecommuting Is Becoming A Popular Subject2699 Words   |  11 Pagesemployees fail to have awareness of the challenges that come with telecommuting it can be damaging. Understanding the challenges to help employers identify if telecommuting is beneficial or negative for their employees. This paper has research of productivity, job satisfaction, and functionality of environment regarding the subject of telecommuting. Identifying these negative impacts on a telecommuter and how to minimize or eliminate them. Also, for a manager to acknowledge if telecommuting is beneficial

Victorian Age Free Essays

string(130) " a mother the right to petition the court for access to her minor children and custody of children under seven and later sixteen\." The Victorian Age 1832-1900 Even idleness is eager now, eager for amusement; prone to excursion-trains, artmuseums, periodical literature, and exciting novels. (George Eliot) General Info About the Time †¢ Enormous changes occurred in political and social life in England and the rest of the world †¢ The scientific and technical innovations of the Industrial Revolution, the emergence of modern nationalism, and the European colonization of much of Africa, the Middle East, and the Far East changed most of Europe †¢ Far-reaching new ideas created the greatest outpouring of literary production the world has ever seen A Time of Change †¢ London becomes most important city in Europe †¢ Population of London expands from two million to six million †¢ Shift from ownership of land to modern urban economy †¢ Impact of industrialism †¢ Increase in wealth †¢ World’s foremost imperial power †¢ Victorian people suffered from anxiety, a sense of being displaced persons in an age of technological advances. Queen Victoria (1819-1901) Reign: 1837-1901 †¢ The longest reign in British history †¢ Became queen at the age of 18; graceful and self-assured had a gift for drawing and painting †¢ Throughout her reign, she maintained a sense of dignity and decorum that estored the average person’s high opinion of the monarchy after a series of horrible, ineffective leaders †¢ 1840-Victoria married a German prince, Albert, who became not king, but Prince-consort †¢ After he died in 1861, she sank into a deep depression and wore black every day for the rest of her life The Growth of the British Empire †¢ England grew to become the greatest nation on earth †¢ Empire included Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Singapore, South Africa, Kenya, and India †¢ England built a very large navy and merchant fleet (for trade and colonization) †¢ Imported raw materials such as cotton and silk nd exported finished goods to countries around the world †¢ By the mid-1800s, England was the largest exporter and importer of goods in the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Victorian Age or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was the primary manufacturer of goods and the wealthiest country in the world †¢ Because of England’s success, they felt it was their duty to bring English values, laws, customs, and religion to the ? savage? races around the world The Early Victorian Period 1830-1848 †¢ In 1830, the Liverpool and Manchester Railway opened, the first public railway line in the world. †¢ By 1850, railway lines connected England’s major cities †¢ By 1900 , England had 15,195 lines of railroad and an nderground rail system beneath London. †¢ The train transformed England’s landscape, supported the growth of commerce, and shrank the distance between cities. The Industrial Revolution †¢ Factory systems emerged †¢ The shift in the English economy moved away from agriculture and toward the production of manufactured goods †¢ Great Exhibition of 1851-Prince Alberthoused in the Crystal Palace (made of glass and iron) exhibited hydraulic presses, locomotives, machine tools, power looms, power reapers, and steamboat engines The Crystal Palace †¢ Erected to display the exhibits of modern industry and science at the 1851 Great Exhibition One of the first buildings constructed according to modern architectural principles †¢ The building symbolized Victorian industry the triumphs of Social and Political Reform †¢ 1832-First Reform Act-extended the vote to most middle-class men †¢ 1833-Britain abolished slavery/Factory Act-regulated child labor in factories †¢ 1834-Poor Law-Amendment applied a system of workhouses for poor people †¢ 1871-Trade Union Act-made it legal for laborers to organize to protect their rights The Reform Bill of 1832 †¢ Transformed English class structure †¢ Extended the right to vote to all males owning property †¢ Second Reform Bill passed in 1867 Extended right to vote to working class The Time of Troubles 1830’s and 1840’s †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Unemployment Poverty Rioting Slums in large cities Working conditions for women and children were terrible The Mid-Victorian Period 1848-1870 †¢ A time of prosperity †¢ A time of improvement †¢ A time of stability †¢ A time of optimism Religious Movement in Victorian England †¢ Evangelical Movement: emphasized a Protestant faith in personal salvation through Christ. This movement swept through England. Led to the creation of the Salvation Army and YMCA. †¢ Oxford Movement (Tractarians): sought to bring the official English Anglican Church closer n rituals and beliefs to Roman Catholicism Religious Debate †¢ Evangelical movement emphasized spiritual transformation of the individual by conversion and a moral Christian life. †¢ Their view of life was identical with Dissenters. †¢ The High Church emphasized the importance of tradition, ritual, and authority †¢ The Oxford Movement led by Newman †¢ The Broad Church wa s open to modern ideas. Challenges to Religious Belief †¢ Science – Huxley – Darwin- the Origin of Species and The Descent of Man †¢ Higher Criticism – – – – Examination of the Bible as a mere text of history Source studies Geology Astronomy Thoughts†¦ John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) – Utilitarianism: the object of moral action was to bring about the greatest good for the greatest amount of people. Utilitarianism failed to recognize people’s spiritual needs – Liberalism: governments had the right to restrict the actions of individuals only when those actions harmed others, and that society should use its collective resources to provide for the basic welfare of others. Also encouraged equal rights for women †¢ Charles Lyell (1797-1875): Showed that geological features on Earth had developed continuously and slowly over immense periods of time †¢Charles Darwin (1809-1882): Introduced the survival of the fittest theory †¢ Adam Smith- 18th century economist, held that the best government economic policy was to leave the market alone—to follow a laissez faire or ? let it be? policy of little or no government intervention †¢ Herbert Spencer (1820-1903): Applied Darwinism to human society: as in nature, survival properly belongs to the fittest, those most able to survive. Social Darwinism was used by many Victorians to justify social inequalities based on race, social or economic class, or gender The Late Victorian Period 1870-1901 †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Decay of Victorian values British imperialism Boer War Irish question Bismarck’s Germany became a rival power United States became a rival power Economic depression led to mass immigration Socialism The Role of Women †¢ The Woman Question †¢ Changing conditions of women’s work created by the Industrial Revolution †¢ The Factory Acts (1802-78) – regulations of the conditions of labor in mines and factories †¢ The Custody Act (1839) – gave a mother the right to petition the court for access to her minor children and custody of children under seven and later sixteen. You read "Victorian Age" in category "Essay examples" †¢ The Divorce and Matrimonial Causes Act – established a civil divorce court †¢ Married Women’s Property Acts Educational Opportunities for Women †¢ First women’s college established in 1848 in London. †¢ By the end of Victoria’s reign, women could take degrees at twelve university colleges. Working Conditions for Women – Bad working conditions and underemployment drove thousands of women into prostitution. – The only occupation at which an unmarried middle-class woman could earn a living and maintain some claim to gentility was that of a governess. Victorian Women and the Home †¢ Victorian society was preoccupied with the very nature of women. †¢ Protected and enshrined within the home, her role was to create a place of eace where man could take refuge from the difficulties of modern life. Literacy, Publication, and Reading †¢ By the end of the century, literacy was almost universal. †¢ Compulsory national education required to the age of ten. †¢ Due to technological advances, an explosion of things to read, including newspapers , periodicals, and books. †¢ Growth of the periodical †¢ Novels and short fiction were published in serial form. †¢ The reading public expected literature to illuminate social problems. Literary Culture †¢ Typical middle-class families read together in the evenings – wives or daughters read aloud to the rest of the ousehold †¢ Magazines containing serialized novels and poems †¢ General literacy meant there was an enormous amount of printed material produced during the period – 97 percent of both sexes able to read by 1900 The Golden Age †¢ English novel – Most popular form – new books, especially fiction, were still a luxury – Publishers inflated prices †¢ readers would rent novels and narrative poems †¢ commercial circulating libraries †¢ larger and steadier income than individual sales †¢ Also popular: – Poetry – serious nonfiction – ? Improving? works on: †¢ Religio n †¢ Science †¢ Philosophy †¢ economics. Visual Aid Illustrations Helped unpracticed readers to follow the story. – 1875 wood engravings gave way to photogravure – 1880s photographs to replace hand-drawn works †¢ Colored illustrations – hand-tinted at first, †¢ often by poor women and children working at home †¢ chromolithography soon made colored reproductions of artwork possible. †¢ British publishing – gradually transformed itself into a modern industry †¢ worldwide distribution and influence. – Copies of The Times circulated in uncharted Africa – illustrations torn from magazines adorned bushmen’s huts Reader’s Taste †¢ Readers’ tastes varied according to: – class – income – education. †¢ Upper-class The well-educated but unintellectual – small portion of the Victorian reading public. †¢ Working-class – literacy rates †¢ fa r below the general standard – increased as  » working hours diminished  » housing improved  » public libraries spread. Working-class Tastes The appetite for cheap literature steadily grew †¢ religious tracts †¢ self-help manuals †¢ reprints of classics †¢ newspapers †¢ sensational entertainment: – â€Å"penny dreadfuls? †¢ Varney the Vampire – ? shilling shockers† †¢ serials, †¢ bawdy ballads †¢ police reports of lurid crimes The Middle Class †¢ largest audience for new prose and poetry †¢ produced the authors to meet an ncreasing demand for books: – Edify – Instruct – entertain Serialization †¢ 1860s most novels were serialized in weekly or monthly magazines †¢ allowed for an author to alter the shape of his narrative based on public response to earlier installments. †¢ Later changed to Three volume works †¢ publishers and libraries required authors to produce â€Å"three deckers? , †¢ † long novels packaged in three separate volumes that tripled rental fees Victorian Drama †¢ More prominent in the ? late? (1871-1901) period †¢ European drama is very heavy and serious – Chekhov – Ibsen †¢ English drama is lighter – Gilbert Sullivan – Oscar Wilde Literary Responsibility Close relationship authors shared with their public had its drawbacks: †¢ writers had to censor their content †¢ meet the prim standards of â€Å"circulating library morality. † †¢ Any hint of impropriety was aggressively ferreted out by publishers and libraries. – Even revered poets such as Tennyson and Barrett Browning found themselves edited by squeamish publishers. †¢ The abuses of the past came under closer scrutiny – literature becomes the vehicle that helps to reform social inequalities. †¢ period was a time of sustained peace – domestic issues could be addressed. Victorian Literature †¢ Four types of writing were opular during the Victorian Era: – Realist – Naturalist – The Novel – Poetry Realism †¢ The attempt to produce in art and literature an accurate portrayal of reality †¢ Realistic, detailed descriptions of everyday life, and of its darker aspects, ap pealed to many readers disillusioned by the ?progress? going on around them. †¢ Themes in Realist writing included families, religion, and social reform Naturalism †¢ Based on the philosophical theory that actions and events are the results not of human intentions, but of largely uncontrollable external forces †¢ Authors chose subjects and themes common to the lower and middle classes Attentive to details, striving for accuracy and authenticity in their descriptions The Novel †¢ Major authors: – Dickens – Brontes – George Eliot – Thomas Hardy Emily Bronte †¢ Considered a ? woman’s genre? – Female protagonists – Large female audience Charlotte Bronte †¢ Most novels serialized Charles Dickens †¢ The novel was the dominant form in Victorian literature. †¢ Victorian novels seek to represent a large and comprehensive social world, with a variety of classes. †¢ Victorian novels are realistic. â⠂¬ ¢ Major theme is the place of the individual in society, the aspiration of the hero or heroine for love or social position. The protagonist’s search for fulfillment is emblematic of the human condition. †¢ For the first time, women were major writers: the Brontes. Elizabeth Gaskell, George Eliot. †¢ The Victorian novel was a principal form of entertainment. Poetry †¢ Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1809-1892): Most popular Victorian poet. He wrote narrative poems †¢ Robert Browning (1812-1889): raised the dramatic monologue to new heights— making it a vehicle for deep psychological probing and character study †¢ Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806-1861): with Robert, one of literature’s greatest love affairs. Wrote love sonnets valued for their lyric beauty Victorian Poetry †¢ A reaction to, as well as a subdued continuation of Romanticism †¢ Passion is more tempered, more ? grownup? †¢ Perfection of the dramatic persona, in which the author speaks to the reader in another’s voice – Sought to represent psychology in new ways. †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ 1848: 1850: 1851: 1860: 1876: 1877: 1886: 1888: 1901: Women begin attending University of London Life Insurance introduced Gold discovered Florence Nightingale founds school for nurses Alexander Graham Bell patents the telephone Thomas Alva Edison patents the phonograph Wimbledon opens Jack the Ripper stalks London’s East End Queen Victoria dies How to cite Victorian Age, Essay examples

Paul A Samuelson Essay Example For Students

Paul A Samuelson Essay Samuelson has offered the world many economic theories. One area he is widely known for is his views on the spending multiplier. Samuelson has presented a way through his aggregate demand model to demonstrate how the spending multiplier affects individual types of spending. There are several components of aggregate demand. The basis for understanding this model is as follows:? An increase in prices causes a drop in household assets, thus causing consumers to spend less. ? Increases in domestic prices reduce exports, which causes an increase in spending on imports. ? The interest rate effect is when prices increase, as does the demand for money, thus increasing the interest rate. This forces a downward pressure on investment and purchases of durable goods. Therefore, investment, exports and consumption are all inversely related to pricing. In Samuelson’s model, government spending was the only constant. This means the government will always buy the same amount of goods no matter what the price. The aggregate demand schedule is therefore, the sum of consumption, investment, government purchases and exports. The chart below depicts the aggregate demand schedule. LevelConsumptionInvestmentGov. PurchasesExportsReal ExpendituresSamuelson used this model to demonstrate how changes in these components would impact real expenditures. For example, the chart below shows the results if the government increased its purchases by $200 billion. LevelConsumptionInvestmentGov. PurchasesExportsReal ExpendituresA $200 billion rise in government purchases leads to a $300 billion increase in consumption. It will also reduce exports by $100 billion. When the total changes in the components have taken place, the real expenditures will increase by $400 billion at each price level. Samuelson also used this model to demonstrate the effect changes in tax amounts could have. Taxes are not one of the components of the aggregate demand formula, but they do impact consumption and imports. If taxes increase, households have less money for domestic purchases. Following is a chart that depicts a $200 billion increase in taxes:LevelConsumptionInvestmentGov. PurchasesExportsReal ExpendituresA $200 billion increase in taxes would therefore result in a decrease in consumption and an increase in exports. The real expenditures would then be $200 billion less in each price level. This model was once the standard for forecasting these types of adjustments. It has been criticized, however, for not including any of the indirect ways in which government spending and taxes can affect the economy. The model still has relevance when examining how the government can provide stabilization to the overall economy. In his book Foundations of the Free Market System, Paul Anthony Samuelson emphasized the importance of mathematics concepts in the study of economics. Samuelson was also swept up in the Keynesian revolution. The Nobel prizewinner in economics in 1970, Samuelson considered it a priceless advantage to have received a thorough grounding in classical economics (Samuelson, PG). Samuelson, like Keynes, was a total conservative. He agreed that Keynes had two basic motivations, one of which was to destroy the labor unions and the other one was to maintain the free market. Samuelson seemingly went along with Keynes, whose whole idea was to have an impotent government that would do nothing but, through tax and spending policies, maintain the equilibrium of the free market. Keynes was known as the real father of the neoconservatism movement (Anonymous bio.html). Samuelson was opposed to the world of unregulated free market capitalism. He felt that if we were to look at the behavior of financial markets, we would find that instead of tending toward equilibrium, prices continue to fluctuate relative to the expectations of buyers and sellers. There are prolonged periods when prices are moving away from any theoretical equilibrium. Even if they eventually show a tendency to return, the equilibrium is not the same as it would have been without the intervening period. Yet the concept of equilibrium endures. It is easy to see why: without it, economics could not say how prices are determined (Soros 45). Samuelson stressed that in the absence of equilibrium, the contention that free markets lead to the optimum allocation of resources loses its justification. The supposedly scientific theory that has been used to validate it turns out to be an axiomatic structure whose conclusions are contained in its assumptions and are not necessarily supported by the empirical evidence. The resemblance to Marxism, which

Shark Fins Essay Example

Shark Fins Essay Should we eat sharks’ fins? Shark’s fin soup is a delicacy which is enjoyed by many people around the world, especially the Chinese as they believe that it symbolizes wealth, honour and respect. However, the practice of cutting off sharks’ fins alive and then throwing them back into the sea had caused increasing awareness and ire of animal rights and environment advocates. Statistics have estimated that one hundred million sharks are killed every year, not considering the fact that these numbers are still increasing. In my personal viewpoint, I feel that sharks’ fins should not be consumed due to ethical, environmental and health issues. It is immorally incorrect to cut off sharks’ fins alive and then throwing them back into the sea. By doing so, we are inflicting excruciating pain and suffering to the sharks. Science research has shown that there is actually in fact no great biological divide between humans and animals. Darwin demonstrated how animals and humans are clearly linked through evolutionary continuity and recent research has even shown that similar nervous systems as humans and respond to pain like we do. We will write a custom essay sample on Shark Fins specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Shark Fins specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Shark Fins specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It is highly inhumane and cruel to slaughter sharks in such a way that they have to experience so much agony just for the sake of our desires and craves. There is no reason for the very fact of humanity’s superiority over other animals means we have the reason to exploit other species. It is only reasonable for us to leave sharks alone when they have not caused much harm to us in any way. Since it is incorrect for us to kill sharks, we should deter ourselves from craving for sharks’ fins. Additionally, by killing such a great number of sharks would lead to environmental issues. One of the impacts would be the imminent extinction of the shark species. According to the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, 143 shark species which is over 55 percent of the shark species are facing a high risk of extinction either now or in the near future. It has also been discovered that excessive fishing has caused a 90 percent decline in shark populations across the world’s oceans and up to 99 percent along the United States east coast. Another impact would be an imbalance in the ecological system. In the natural world, all elements of an ecosystem are interconnected and depend on each other in one way or another. Sharks, being the top predator, act as caretakers of the environment, picking off the smaller and weaker species, but helping to ensure healthy populations and a balanced ecosystem. Hence, if the shark population is wiped out from the eco system, it will have a devastating impact on other species within the marine environment. Some of these species are valuable sources of food, and economic gains. Therefore, environmental concern is one of the most crucial reasons why we should not consume sharks’ fins. Besides being morally wrong and creating harm to the environment, eating shark fin has been proven to be harmful to our bodies. Some people have claimed health benefits of sharks’ fin soup. However, these claims are unfounded. Instead, in fact, sharks contain a high level of mercury which would cause damage to the human central nervous system and birth defects in infants. The United States Environmental Protection Agency caution consumers that sharks, with their long life spans of fifty plus years, absorb and store significant amounts of mercury in their fins often at high level. Additionally, it is discovered that sharks’ fins are often treated with hydrogen peroxide so as to make their colours more appealing to consumers. Moreover, there have been several cases in which business companies sell fake shark’s fins for the benefit of economic gains. The China Daily in Beijing and Japanese language Hong Kong Post have reported on phony fins sold as pure sharks’ fins sold through Asia and North America. Generally, most of these cases involve bogus fins made from a variety of ingredients before being bleached white with highly corrosive chemicals. The consumption of these bogus fins is definitely harmful to health. Given the adverse effects on human health, sharks’ fins should hence not be eaten. In conclusion, sharks’ fins should not be consumed due to the several negative impacts it will bring to the environment and our health, even to the extent of sacrificing our moral values.

inventors essays

inventors essays Mr. Hughes starts off the article by explaining the prosperity of American invention from the end of the civil war to the beginning of WWI. The numbers of patents in America at this time were more than Britain, France, and Germany had all together. He will be discussing four major inventors of the time, all of which made major contributions to the electrical industry. The in inventors are Thomas Edison, Nikola Tesla, inventor of modern electric-power transmission; Elmer Sperry, pioneer in the field of automatic controls; and Lee De Forest, inventor of the modern vacuum tube. The field of invention back then differed from its modern form. Todays inventors are in industrial or governmental labs, none of the early inventors had this problem. These modern labs tend to slow down the inventive momentum of the inventor. These labs tend to make 5% refinements rather than 95% breakthroughs. There were such think tanks in the earlier times. Nikoli Tesla briefly worked in Edisons. After inventors of the time achieved economic independence they tended to do there own work. Edison created his own lab with, which was very impressive for the day, creating more than 1000 patents in his name. Because of the freedom of the time inventors had to narrow down what they would focus on. This was done w/ varying methods. They would look at previous patents on which improvements could be made, or they would search many different journals to get ideas from. So the inventors of the day did utilize collaboration from others just in a different way, such as entries published in journals. The next subject discussed was the capabilities of metaphor in invention, most of the great inventors were said to have used this method to help them along. Aristotle once wrote, Metaphor is a sign of genius, since a good metaphor implies an intuitive perception of the similarity in the dissimilar. Edison ...

Heres How to Treat Attribution, He Said

Heres How to Treat Attribution, He Said Here’s How to Treat Attribution, He Said Here’s How to Treat Attribution, He Said By Mark Nichol Attribution is the convention in composition of identifying a speaker or writer when you include direct quotes (which should be enclosed in quotation marks) or paraphrases. An entire system of usage a choreography, if you will has developed around how to arrange quotations and paraphrases and their attributions. Here are the dance steps: â€Å"The basic setup is to reproduce a single sentence, followed by an attribution,† he began. â€Å"Then, if the quotation consists of more than one sentence, follow the attribution with the rest of it.† If the quotation extends for more than one paragraph, do not close the first paragraph with an end quotation mark; this omission signals to the reader that the same person is being quoted in the next paragraph. In that next paragraph, rinse and repeat. Many publications, however, treat long quotations as extracts, specially formatted with narrower margins, sometimes in a different font or font size, and set off from the rest of the text. The tipping point for minimum word count for an extract varies, starting at about a hundred words. Attributions can also precede a quotation: â€Å"The report concluded, ‘Meanwhile, the ecosystems it is intended to save are in peril.’† Or they can be inserted within one, in a natural breaking point: â€Å"‘For millions of people,’ she added, ‘reclaimed water has become as ordinary as storm sewers and summer droughts.’† Beware of sentences that introduce the attribution before the end of the sentence when there is no internal punctuation. Sometimes it works: â€Å"‘The lesson,’ Smith says, ‘is that we should have paid more attention to what nature was telling us.’† Sometimes it doesn’t: â€Å"‘We knew,’ Jones says, ‘that Microsoft would eventually become a major competitor.’† You’ll notice that some attributions in the samples above are in present tense, and some are in past tense. Which is correct? The answer is, either. It depends on the medium. News articles generally employ past tense because they’re reporting on an event that has already occurred or recording what someone said about an event, while features and profiles, crafted to make you feel like you are at the writer’s shoulder, often feature present tense. Books referring to the past, appropriately, quote historical figures with past-tense attributions, but those with interviews of real, live people are likely to be written with attributions formed in the present tense. In all expository writing, let these parameters be your guides. And what about fiction? Writing novels in the present tense is rare; it can be distracting or, worse, exhausting. It’s easier to get away with it in short stories. Two additional guidelines about attributions in fiction: First, don’t overdo identification of speakers in a dialogue; craft alternating speech so that you minimize the necessity of tossing in â€Å"he said,† â€Å"she replied,† and so on. Second, do vary the verbs you use, but don’t get carried away with numerous obscure synonyms for said. (Oh, and don’t use a word for a nonspeaking sound to mark attribution: â€Å"‘At last, I have you in my clutches!’ he laughed diabolically† is clumsy because you can’t laugh a sentence. How about â€Å"he cried with a diabolical laugh†?) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:10 Rules for Writing Numbers and Numerals15 Words for Household Rooms, and Their SynonymsNeither... or?

The Curriculum Descriptive Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Curriculum Descriptive Theory - Essay Example (Marsh 2004, p. 201) The analysis in this paper is focused on the curriculum descriptive theory. The descriptive theory is marked against other theories in several ways. But its main distinction resides on its principle which is to understand the various steps and procedures in curriculum development and the relationships among them. This is achieved by identifying how curriculum development actually takes place, especially in school settings. (Marsh, p. 201) There are scholars who label the descriptive theory as the scientific theory as well. The reason behind is, the methods employed in theorizing the curriculum is clinical and follows the scientific approach. Alfie Kohn (2000), who stressed that descriptive theory is technically aligned with constructivism, cites four of its principles that facilitate learning. According to him, the teacher should It is far more difficult to figure out how to implement descriptive theory than it is to generate it. I am reasonably intelligent, and it took me 14 years of almost full-time effort to figure out how to consistently work just four thinking skills into a detailed and effective curriculum. (Reigeluth 1999, p. 15) Indeed, some degree of support was given by Dwayne Huebner (1999, p. 215) asserting that curricularists must be concerned not only with the descriptive theory but also with prescriptive theory. This statement explained the descriptive theory best and its relationship with the prescriptive theory content-wise in the perspective of most of its critics. That is, he who would talk about curriculum must do more than describe what’s going on; many people want him to issue imperatives about what should be done. We should not forget that it is the scholars themselves who widely believe that theories are generally descriptive in nature. This is because situations like curriculum development can be thought of as dealing with cause-and-effect relationships or with flows of events in

Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering Case Study

Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering - Case Study Example (Upton and Kim 2009, p.1) Further, Daewoo faced stiff competition from other organizations offering the same services particularly the Japanese competitors. Lee Byungmo affirms that they had to benchmark Japanese competitors as they sought to learn their skills hence revealing that they faced a business problem in relation to competition. (Upton and Kim 2009, p.4) Moreover, Daewoo faced a business problem in relation to space for operation. Lee says that there was no more space left for the growing size of ships being built and they were therefore forced to move them to the sea for completion or additional operations (Upton and Kim 2009, p.4) In solving the 1987 problems mention earlier, Daewoo had to face and act upon new challenges including globalization, countering the fiercer Chinese competition, and dealing with impending modification in the governance structure. In countering the late 1990s crisis, Daewoo developed a sense of urgency which created union between the management and labor of the organization. They had to work persistently to overcome the problems and improve on operations, both infrastructural and structural, in terms of capital equipment. In countering the competition problem, Daewoo had to borrow and learn the skills and concepts of their business competitors. For instance, Lee Byungmo confirms in the case study that they had to benchmark Japanese competitors and apply their operation skill such as â€Å"just-in-time and lean production.† In countering the space problem mentioned earlier, Daewoo had to construct more dry docks and at times carry out the final operations of ship building in the sea. They also had to create special divisions for the different categories of ships such as heavy floating zone. This specialization helped improve utilization and the output rate of various

A view from the bridge Essay Example for Free

A view from the bridge Essay All my life Ive been trying to create a blissful loving environment, in my house. All my expectations of life for my family would very probably have come true. However since the day that Marco and Rodolfo arrived all this has changed. A tense environment is what reigns in this house due to our different points of view.  I can accept that I am a bit confused about them hosting in this house but its very difficult for me to seem inferior to them. I think that Marco is a good person, he likes to collaborate in some house work, and he is an intelligent man with an amazing future. On the other hand Rodolfo is completely different, he has blonde hair, likes to sew dresses, doesnt know to fight and sings Paper Doll, its impossible to have a good impression of him. I think he doesnt want us to know he is a sissy because he is playing with the feelings of my family and he is trying to trick someone. When Rodolfo arrived I thought he was a normal person but it was annoying and shocking when I realized he wasnt right. He is invading my house and trying to impose new rules and authority, that is unacceptable. I want him to leave my house and let me continue the life I had before we met him. It was such a perfect life when we knew Catherine was going to grow in a disciplined manner with a perfect assured future but now he is spoiling her and ruining the expectations that I had for her future. Catherine is a very sweet girl and I love her. Thats why I protect her always and I cant accept the fact of her being with him. I dont know what Catherine likes about Rodolfo; shes unwise in her decision for the first time. Its even harder for me to assume that she is planning to live with him for the rest of her life. I have been taking care of her since she was a little girl, that is why I am nervous about her future and I feel responsible for the consequences. This is why I cant let grant her free will on her future. I think Rodolfo is playing with her feelings and taking advantage of her, his real interest in her is to obtain his legal American papers. For obtaining these papers he just needs to marry an American lady and this is just what hes doing. I know Im not Catherines father and she can take her decisions, but I want the best for her and the best is not beside Rodolfo. Some days ago I went to a lawyers office to ask him for help. He is called Alfieri but unfortunately we couldnt find a form of getting rid of Rodolfo. There is no proof of him wanting to obtain legal papers from Catherine. I had the idea of telling the truth about him being an illegal immigrant but soon I realized other members of the Italian community would have killed me for doing that. Alfieri told me that I should let Catherine choose her future and if she wants to stay with Rodolfo, I should let her do that. If Alfieri cant help me to get rid of that immigrant, I will have to solve this thing myself, the problem is that I still dont know how. My relationship with Beatrice has also been affected since they came. It is getting worse all the time and all of this is Rodolfos fault. I have to pay extra attention in Rodolfo so that he doesnt over step the mark with my niece. That is why Im letting my relationship fall apart. If this continues being as it is I will have to make a radical change and get rid of him because the last thing Im willing is to let the mutual love between Beatrice and me finish here. Some days ago I was trying to get proof to show my family that Rodolfo is gay. I started fighting with him and everyone noticed that he boxed like a girl; however none of them paid attention in that. After this Marco challenged me by lifting a chair from the lower part of the leg but I couldnt understand his idea about this. I think the real force of somebody can be measured by fighting. Unfortunately nobody in my family also believes this.  I am still finding a way of getting rid of Rodolfo. Meanwhile I will try to convince Catherine that he is not the best man for her. Maybe the only solution is to snitch on him but its very risky. In my inside I know that everything Im doing is of good will, for the future of my niece and to recuperate our prosperous loving family.

Working on My Scholarship Essay :: Scholarship Essays

Working on My Scholarship Essay That fateful night I stayed up too late working on a scholarship essay. Worked up into a frenzy with all this paperwork, I faded in and out of the work I was doing. I stopped for a few minutes to rest my eyes and upon opening them I gazed into a face crowned by a laurel-leaf and wore philosophers robes. "What doest thou?" he asked in a thick Italian voice. I could not believe it. Who was this man who entered my room unannounced and demanded from me what I do? "What doest thou?" he asked again, more forcefully. "I...I'm writing a paper for a scholarship, sir." I added 'sir' unintentionally. "What needest thou with this scholarship application?" "I have two brothers who are going to college, one of whom will be returning to UTD next year to continue his education, and the other will be attending medical school." "Aye, but what need hast thou for 'scholarship'?" He rolled the words in a soft Florentine accent. "My brother who will be attending medical school will be living on campus and the expense of room and board along with tuition and the tuition of my other brother attending UTD puts a great strain on our family. I really need this scholarship." "'Tis true, I believe it. But for what purpose needest thou this scholarship?" "Well," I said a bit unnerved at this intruding interrogator, "I hope to receive a masters degree in Commercial Art and I hope to join an advertising or design company." "Aye, but what other duties hast thou outside of education?" "To begin with, every two weeks I feed the homeless with my church. We pack lunches for them and, rain or shine, we hand out the food and water.

Digital Fortress Chapter 11

Spain. I sent David to Spain. The commander's words stung. â€Å"David's in Spain?† Susan was incredulous. â€Å"You sent him to Spain?† Her tone turned angry. â€Å"Why?† Strathmore looked dumbfounded. He was apparently not accustomed to being yelled at, even by his head cryptographer. He gave Susan a confused look. She was flexed like a mother tiger defending her cub. â€Å"Susan,† he said. â€Å"You spoke to him, didn't you? David did explain?† She was too shocked to speak. Spain? That's why David postponed our Stone Manor trip? â€Å"I sent a car for him this morning. He said he was going to call you before he left. I'm sorry. I thought-â€Å" â€Å"Why would you send David to Spain?† Strathmore paused and gave her an obvious look. â€Å"To get the other pass-key.† â€Å"What other pass-key?† â€Å"Tankado's copy.† Susan was lost. â€Å"What are you talking about?† Strathmore sighed. â€Å"Tankado surely would have had a copy of the pass-key on him when he died. I sure as hell didn't want it floating around the Seville morgue.† â€Å"So you sent David Becker?† Susan was beyond shock. Nothing was making sense. â€Å"David doesn't even work for you!† Strathmore looked startled. No one ever spoke to the deputy director of the NSA that way. â€Å"Susan,† he said, keeping his cool, â€Å"that's the point. I needed-â€Å" The tiger lashed out. â€Å"You've got twenty thousand employees at your command! What gives you the right to send my fiance?† â€Å"I needed a civilian courier, someone totally removed from government. If I went through regular channels and someone caught wind-â€Å" â€Å"And David Becker is the only civilian you know?† â€Å"No! David Becker is not the only civilian I know! But at six this morning, things were happening quickly! David speaks the language, he's smart, I trust him, and I thought I'd do him a favor!† â€Å"A favor?† Susan sputtered. â€Å"Sending him to Spain is a favor?† â€Å"Yes! I'm paying him ten thousand for one day's work. He'll pick up Tankado's belongings, and he'll fly home. That's a favor!† Susan fell silent. She understood. It was all about money. Her thoughts wheeled back five months to the night the president of Georgetown University had offered David a promotion to the language department chair. The president had warned him that his teaching hours would be cut back and that there would be increased paperwork, but there was also a substantial raise in salary. Susan had wanted to cry out David, don't do it! You'll be miserable. We have plenty of money-who cares which one of us earns it? But it was not her place. In the end, she stood by his decision to accept. As they fell asleep that night, Susan tried to be happy for him, but something inside kept telling her it would be a disaster. She'd been right-but she'd never counted on being so right. â€Å"You paid him ten thousand dollars?† she demanded. â€Å"That's a dirty trick!† Strathmore was fuming now. â€Å"Trick? It wasn't any goddamn trick! I didn't even tell him about the money. I asked him as a personal favor. He agreed to go.† â€Å"Of course he agreed! You're my boss! You're the deputy director of the NSA! He couldn't say no!† â€Å"You're right,† Strathmore snapped. â€Å"Which is why I called him. I didn't have the luxury of-â€Å" â€Å"Does the director know you sent a civilian?† â€Å"Susan,† Strathmore said, his patience obviously wearing thin, â€Å"the director is not involved. He knows nothing about this.† Susan stared at Strathmore in disbelief. It was as if she no longer knew the man she was talking to. He had sent her fiance-a teacher-on an NSA mission and then failed to notify the director about the biggest crisis in the history of the organization. â€Å"Leland Fontaine hasn't been notified?† Strathmore had reached the end of his rope. He exploded. â€Å"Susan, now listen here! I called you in here because I need an ally, not an inquiry! I've had one hell of morning. I downloaded Tankado's file last night and sat here by the output printer for hours praying TRANSLTR could break it. At dawn I swallowed my pride and dialed the director-and let me tell you, that was a conversation I was really looking forward to. Good morning, sir. I'm sorry to wake you. Why am I calling? I just found out TRANSLTR is obsolete. It's because of an algorithm my entire top-dollar Crypto team couldn't come close to writing!† Strathmore slammed his fist on the desk. Susan stood frozen. She didn't make a sound. In ten years, she had seen Strathmore lose his cool only a handful of times, and never once with her. Ten seconds later neither one of them had spoken. Finally Strathmore sat back down, and Susan could hear his breathing slowing to normal. When he finally spoke, his voice was eerily calm and controlled. â€Å"Unfortunately,† Strathmore said quietly, â€Å"it turns out the director is in South America meeting with the President of Colombia. Because there's absolutely nothing he could do from down there, I had two options-request he cut his meeting short and return, or handle this myself.† There was along silence. Strathmore finally looked up, and his tired eyes met Susan's. His expression softened immediately. â€Å"Susan, I'm sorry. I'm exhausted. This is a nightmare come true. I know you're upset about David. I didn't mean for you to find out this way. I thought you knew.† Susan felt a wave of guilt. â€Å"I overreacted. I'm sorry. David is a good choice.† Strathmore nodded absently. â€Å"He'll be back tonight.† Susan thought about everything the commander was going through-the pressure of overseeing TRANSLTR, the endless hours and meetings. It was rumored his wife of thirty years was leaving him. Then on top of it, there was Digital Fortress-the biggest intelligence threat in the history of the NSA, and the poor guy was flying solo. No wonder he looked about to crack. â€Å"Considering the circumstances,† Susan said, â€Å"I think you should probably call the director.† Strathmore shook his head, a bead of sweat dripping on his desk. â€Å"I'm not about to compromise the director's safety or risk a leak by contacting him about a major crisis he can do nothing about.† Susan knew he was right. Even in moments like these, Strathmore was clear-headed. â€Å"Have you considered calling the President?† Strathmore nodded. â€Å"Yes. I've decided against it.† Susan had figured as much. Senior NSA officials had the right to handle verifiable intelligence emergencies without executive knowledge. The NSA was the only U.S. intelligence organization that enjoyed total immunity from federal accountability of any sort. Strathmore often availed himself of this right; he preferred to work his magic in isolation. â€Å"Commander,† she argued, â€Å"this is too big to be handled alone. You've got to let somebody else in on it.† â€Å"Susan, the existence of Digital Fortress has major implications for the future of this organization. I have no intention of informing the President behind the director's back. We have a crisis, and I'm handling it.† He eyed her thoughtfully. â€Å"I am the deputy director of operations.† A weary smile crept across his face. â€Å"And besides, I'm not alone. I've got Susan Fletcher on my team.† In that instant, Susan realized what she respected so much about Trevor Strathmore. For ten years, through thick and thin, he had always led the way for her. Steadfast. Unwavering. It was his dedication that amazed her-his unshakable allegiance to his principles, his country, and his ideals. Come what may, Commander Trevor Strathmore was a guiding light in a world of impossible decisions. â€Å"You are on my team, aren't you?† he asked. Susan smiled. â€Å"Yes, sir, I am. One hundred percent.† â€Å"Good. Now can we get back to work?†

Hiv And Aids Problem In Nigeria Health And Social Care Essay

Nigeria ‘s communities are at hazard. The state ‘s population of more than 140 million people, stand foring extraordinary cultural and cultural diverseness, faces an HIV epidemic that could easy whirl out of control. Although the national HIV prevalence rate was cited at 4.4 % in NARHS 2005, this translated into more than 2.9 million people populating with the virus and in demand of services, and support, the 3rd highest load for HIV in the universe. Nationally, the sero prevalence rates of 4.4 % in 2005 translated to over 2.9 million people populating with the virus. This located Nigeria as holding the 3rd greatest load of people infected with HIV in the universe. Over the last two decennaries, the HIV epidemic in Nigeria has gone from impacting merely a few populations with higher-risk behaviours within a ‘concentrated ‘ epidemic in a few provinces, to a ‘generalized ‘ epidemic in many provinces.Size of job, how many people infected, cardinal population affected, chief path of transmittalLike many other states in Africa, HIV is most prevailing among the most productive members of society ( age 25-29 ) , with immature adult females, in peculiar, affected. This besides includes the sexually active age of which unprotected sex is the chief path of transmittal. The epidemic besides had a disproportional impact on adult females and misss in their generative old ages, with 4.9 % of pregnant adult females age 2 5-29 infected followed by adult females age 20-24 with 4.7 % . More alarming, 3.6 % of adult females age 15-19 were infected every bit good suggestion early sexual introduction. High and early birthrate among immature adult females across Nigeria ‘s vast and diverse state, suggests that many more kids will besides be infected as a consequence due to rear to child transmittal. Already, more than 1.2 million kids were reported to be infected in 2005. It was estimated that 75,780 new infections would happen among kids less than15 in 2006, with the figure of child-headed families increasing due to the decease of their parents. This indicates a greater demand to associate HIV within generative wellness services to make both adult females and work forces within the general population with more antiphonal household planning, HIV proving and comprehensive PPTCT services. It besides the demand to beef up holistic intercessions to protect vulnerable immature populations.Cultural/Social norms in your state and how they impact on the developing state of affairsThey include low hazard perceptual experience, multiple concurrent sexual spouses, informal transactional and intergeneration sex, gender inequalities, stigma and favoritism.Low hazard perceptual experienceThe NARHS 2005 showed that 67 % of Nigerians felt no hazard for HIV and merely 29 % perceived themselves to be at hazard for HIV. Even the IBBS S 2007 showed that MARPs did non perceive themselves as being personally at hazard for HIV, despite high HIV prevalence rates among FSWs, MSM and IDUs. Low hazard for HIV among Nigerians means that they are improbable to take calls for action to forestall HIV earnestly irrespective of high cognition about the virus.Multiple coincident spouses among work forces and adult femalesUnderliing multiple coincident partnerships are cultural norms that encourage polygamous r elationships, peculiarly among work forces. Common patterns of holding â€Å" indoors and outside married womans † and social norms that assume â€Å" all work forces are polygamous, promote work forces to hold multiple spouse to show their maleness. Even among formal polygamous relationships, where there is presumed greater protection, work forces and adult females were reportedly non ever remaining within the relationship. Women within polygamous relationship in rural countries were more likely to hold extra-marital personal businesss than among monogamously married adult females as a agency to economic security.Informal transactional and intergeneration sexThere is a great trade of grounds that many adult females, peculiarly immature adult females, are interchanging sex for gifts, favors, and money outside of a whorehouse scene. Womans who engage in informal transactional relationships are less likely to utilize rubbers than adult females in formal commercial sex counters .Gender inequalities that influence hazard behavior and bound entree to identify HIV and SRH servicesCultural norm in Nigeria, relegate adult females to a low-level function within matrimony and do it hard for adult females to negociate their right to safe sex or refusal of sex. This is compounded by a important age difference between hubby and married woman, peculiarly in polygamous relationships, which farther makes it hard for immature adult females to entree power in the relationship. Other cultural patterns including married woman heritage, traditional married woman sharing, early and forced matrimony, female Circumcision and sexual cleaning non merely increase adult females ‘s hazard for infection but besides farther undermine adult females ‘s right to autonomy and self finding.Stigma and favoritismStigma related to HIV keeps many people from reacting tp bar, attention and intervention intercessions for HIV. It prevents Nigerians from accessing HIV proving for frig ht of positive consequences, unwraping their Hiv position to their spouses, and consumption of bar of parent to child transmittal services, including safe eating of new born kids.How the cognition above might be used to undertake this job and cut down the spread of HIV/AIDSSee urban vs. rural differences in footings of entree to information, key services and literacy. Reduce reported multiple coincident spouses among all group Increase consistent and right rubber usage among all work forces and adult females who are sexually active, peculiarly among paid and insouciant spouses. Increase early STI sensing, intervention and patner presentment. Critically analyse cultural and gender values and beliefs that put work forces and adult females at hazard in their communities, and beef up male duty in generative wellness. Reduce reported stigma and favoritism among PLWHA Reduce reported high hazard cultural patterns. Reinforce rights of PLWH to hold positive but safe sexual relationships.DecisionBecause of the enormous diverseness within Nigeria ‘s population, it is clear that as contrivers, we need to look carefully at informations within our provinces in doing strategic programs every bit good as acknowledge the diverse needs for be aftering our response. In such a dynamic environment, it is besides of import to see the drivers of Nigeria ‘s epidemic to guarantee that programme contrivers stay in melody with future alterations in the epidemic ‘s growing. What is clear that there needs to be a co-ordinated, consonant response for bar attempts at all degrees to protect Nigeria ‘s communities? There is much that can be done. The fact that 95 % of Nigerians still remain HIV free is a enormous chance for bar attempts in our communities. Not merely is our combined strength and committedness key to contending the spread of the epidemic, most of us can make a great trade to forestall ourselves from going infected and fro distributing it to others. It is already apparent that Nigerians communities, at all degrees, have made of import paces to turn to the epidemic. The freshly launched National Prevention Plan besides strategically [ topographic points bar attempts, and within that, behaviour alteration communications as a precedence country for all spouses and has done much work to construct national consensus on the manner frontward.

ACT in 7th Grade

Should You Start Prepping for the SAT/ACT in 7th Grade SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you a middle schooler starting to think about the SAT or ACT? While 7th grade is early to start prepping, a lot of students canbenefit from prep by reinforcing their content knowledge and developing good study skills. Academically gifted students, furthermore, might take the SAT or ACT to qualify for talent competitions and special programs. Let's consider how test prep could help you as a7th grader, reasons you might take the test, and how it lines up with your middle school classes. First, why do students take the SAT/ACT? Reasons to Prep and Take the SAT/ACT in 7th Grade The main reason students take the SAT/ACT is, of course, to apply and get into college. While 7th grade is yearsaway from college applications, students may still benefit from sitting for the test and gaining insight into the experience. Continuous early exposure to the test will help students master the content and strategies they need to perform well. Apart from their academic goals, somestudents might take the SAT or ACT to qualify for talent competitions and programs. Let's consider both of these compelling reasons to prep for the SAT/ACT in 7th grade in more detail below. To Get Ready for College Taking the SAT or ACT is a requirement for most 4-year colleges in the United States. Considering how competitive admissions are year after year, you can really boost your application with a strong SAT or ACT score. A lot of strategy and training are key for scoring well on these tests, so almost all students who want to achieve their target scores both prep for the test and take it more than once. Once you've learned the secrets and tricks of the SAT and ACT, it stops seeming like such a difficult and unreachable test. Actually, with enough prep most students could become experts and even master the test. If putting in the time and effort to really get to know the SAT or ACT inside and out appeals to you, then you could definitely benefitfrom starting early as a 7th grader. Prep doesn't have to mean signing up for and taking the test, as you can improve a great deal through taking practice tests, analyzing your results, and practicing under timed conditions.At the same time, early exposure to the test can be valuable experience, both for getting yourself ready and getting accustomed to the experience.Taking an official test will definitely be in your plans if you're competing to get into programs for talented and gifted students. For Talent Competitions and Programs There are some programs for academically gifted students that require the SAT or ACT as part of their applications. These programs include the following: Belin-Blank Exceptional Student Talent Search (BESTS) at the University of Iowa Center for Talented Youth (CTY) at Johns Hopkins University Joseph Baldwin Academy (JBA) at Truman State University Midwest Academic Talent Search (MATS) at Northwestern University Talent Identification Program (TIP) at Duke University If you're taking the SAT or ACT to get into one of these programs, you'll probably sign up using one of their entrance forms as a form of identification.Youmight be surprised that some of the material on the SAT/ACT lines up with content you'vealready learned in yourclasses. Other concepts will likely be new and require your attention and focus to learn. Either way,it's important that you devote time and energy to prepping if you want to achieve qualifying scores. So what exactly is tested on the SAT and ACT, and how much of these tests line up with what you're learning in school? Content You Need to Know for the SAT/ACT (and May Not Have Learned Yet) The SAT has three major sections: Math, Reading, and Writing. The ACT, on the other hand, has four sections: Math, Reading (like the SAT's Critical Reading), English (equivalent to the SAT's Writing), and Science. As a 7th grader, you probably have already developed some of the skills and learned some of the concepts that will appear on these two tests. However, don't panic if you don't know what "plethora" meansor have yet to learn the properties of right triangles. These tests are meant to demonstrate high schoolers' college readiness, not middle schoolers'. If you're taking the tests for talent competitions, you should study on your own, as well as think about tutoring so you can really grasp these new concepts. Let's briefly review what's in each section so you can have a sense of what you already know and what skills and knowledge you would need to acquire. First, what's covered in the SAT and ACT math sections? SAT and ACT Math The math section of the SAT covers number and operations, algebra, geometry, and probability and statistics. Almost all the formulas you need to know are provided on the test, though you should still take time to learn them. There's not a lot of time in the math section, so you don't want to waste time flipping through the booklet and consulting formulas that you would be better off having memorized. The ACT math section is similar, but it goes one step more advanced than the SAT by including some trigonometry.If you're in 7th grade, chances are you haven't had too much exposure to geometry or trigonometry yet! If you're studying for a talent competition or want to get a headstart on 8th grade and high school, you could try to tackle one new concept every few weeks. SAT Questions of the Day and ACT Questions of the Day are helpful for gradually trying practice problems, identifying what you know, and figuring out what you still need to learn. You can try official practice tests, online sample questions, books, and/or customized prep programs like PrepScholar's online test prep. While the math covers concrete concepts that you need to learn and practice, the Critical Reading section of the SAT and Reading section of the ACT test skills that are a little more difficult to quantify. SAT and ACT Reading Both the SAT Reading and ACT Reading sections ask you to read passages and answer questions about their content, purpose, vocabulary, and details. These questions may incorporate literary terms like theme, tone, style, symbolism, and metaphor. Most 7th gradershave the raw skills of reading comprehension that they can apply to these sections. Through reading widely and taking the time to really comprehend what you're reading and back up your analysis with evidence from the text, you can improve your reading skills and vocabulary more and more. This takes time, dedication, and hopefully a genuine interest in what you're reading. By approaching these passages and any readings with an open and inquisitive mindset, you can actually retain and understand the words better. A nice consequence of this enhanced understanding would be answering comprehension questions with ever greater accuracy. Just like with the math sections, taking the time to prep for a few hours every few weeks can help you improve your reading comprehension both on the SAT/ACT and in your English classes in school. You can reinforce what you're learning in school, apply it to these tests, and improve your academic skills overall. On a similar note, you can reinforce your understanding of grammar and writing in the context of the SAT/ACT by prepping for the SAT Writing or ACT English sections. Yum! Reading for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. SAT Writing and ACT English Like with your reading skills, you can improve your writing skills (and grasp of English grammar) through practice. The SAT Writing and ACT English sections ask you about grammar and syntax. Studying the most commonly tested rules is very helpful here. Like with the math concepts, you could try to tackle a new rule every few weeks and reinforce it with practice questions. This studying will also help your abilities to express yourself through writing in your English and other classes in school. In terms of the essay, both the SAT and ACT ask you to write a persuasive essay and support your opinion with examples.If you've encountered the 5-paragraph essay structure, then you have a sense of what you need to produce on these tests. SAT and ACT scorers reward structure, so practicing this structure in class and on practice tests will help you improve your score here. Finally, the ACT is unique in that it has a science section. What scientific concepts are tested on the ACT? ACT Science The science section on the ACT is actually less about recall of specific facts and figures, and more about your ability to apply scientific skills to interpret data, read graphs and charts, and understand passages. In this way, it's almost more like the Reading section thananything else. You will develop skills in lab classes that will help you on the science section. It includes some biology, chemistry, physics, and earth/space sciences, but does not require you to have advanced knowledge in any of these realms. This article covers the only actual scientific knowledge you need to have to take the ACT science. The rest is about having skills of comprehension and interpretation, which you can continue to develop in school and with targeted and effective test prep. Above is just a brief overview of the content that comes up on the sections of the SAT and ACT, along with where they intersect and where they differ. You can check out the links above fora much more in-depth breakdown of what's on each of these sections. Familiarizing yourself with the tests will further help you figure out what you already know and what you need to learn to do well on the SAT/ACTand over the coming years of school. So if you are planning to prep in 7th grade, what exactly should be your plan of action? Plan of Action for 7th Grade If you're taking the SAT/ACT to compete for talent competitions, you'll be best served by putting in at least 40 hours of test prep or so. Even more would be helpful for really getting a handle on the test, but you don't want prep time to detract from your schoolwork and any other activities. You might devote 2 to 3 hours a week to prepping for the tests, starting 5 or 6 months before your test date. As mentioned above, you can use official practice questions for the SAT and ACT, answer Questions of the Day, study from books, ortry PrepScholar's customized online test prep program. You definitely want to use official SAT and ACT practice questions, as questions from the testmakers themselvesare the gold standard when it comes tostudying. To make your prep most effective, you might start out by reviewing the content and figuring out what you already know and what you need to learn. If you approach this with a mindset open to learning new concepts and skills, then you'll be much better off than if you're worrying about not knowingenough. As I said above, the SAT/ACT are tests for high schoolers. You can certainly prep and learn new concepts, but bepatient with yourself- there are some areas that you probably haven't studied yet in school. If you're not taking the SAT/ACT for talent competitions and just want to get a headstart on studying and learning, you might dedicate an hour to test prep every one or two weeks. This gradual studying could really add up over time and allow you to develop expertise on the tests. You could even completetaking the SAT or ACT well before the typical test-taking schedule of junior year and have this part of your college application finishedearly. Prepping for the SAT/ACT, and even taking the tests in 7th grade, can give you continued early exposure that will help you achieve high scores. It could also help you develop habits of discipline, effort, and organization. You might get a headstart on yourclasses, as well as a competitive edge when you eventually apply to college. If you take the time to prep for the SAT/ACT in 7th grade, then you'll be well ahead of the curve. What's Next? You might take the SAT or ACT in 7th grade as a launching point and improve your scores from there. So what's a good SAT and ACT score for 7th graders? Read about what makes a good 7th grade score here. If 7th grade feels too early to think about the SAT/ACT, what about 8th grade? This article discussesthe reasons why you might start prepping in 8th grade. The best practice for the SAT and ACT uses official sample questions. Download free official SAT and ACT practice tests here. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Behistun Inscription - Message to the Persian Empire

Behistun Inscription - Message to the Persian Empire The Behistun inscription (also spelled Bisitun or Bisotun and typically abbreviated as DB for Darius Bisitun) is a 6th century BCE Persian Empire carving. The ancient billboard includes four panels of cuneiform writing around a set of three-dimensional figures, cut deep into a limestone cliff. The figures are carved 300 feet (90 meters) above the Royal Road of the Achaemenids, known today as the Kermanshah-Tehran highway in Iran. Fast Facts: Behistun Steel Name of Work:  Behistun InscriptionArtist or Architect: Darius the Great, ruled 522–486 BCEStyle/Movement: Parallel CuneiformTextPeriod: Persian EmpireHeight: 120 feetWidth: 125 feetType of Work: Carved inscriptionCreated/Built: 520–518 BCEMedium: Carved Limestone BedrockLocation: Near Bisotun, IranOffbeat Fact: The earliest known example of political propagandaLanguages: Old Persian, Elamite, Akkadian The carving is located near the town of Bisotun, Iran, about 310 miles (500 kilometers) from Tehran and about 18 mi (30 km) from Kermanshah. The figures show the crowned Persian king Darius I stepping on Guatama (his predecessor and rival) and nine rebel leaders standing before him connected by ropes around their necks. The figures measures some 60x10.5 ft (18x3.2 m) and the four panels of text more than double the overall size, creating an irregular rectangle of approximately 200x120 ft (60x35 m), with the lowest part of the carving some 125 ft (38 m) above the road. Behistun Text The writing on the Behistun inscription, like the Rosetta Stone, is a parallel text, a type of linguistic text that consists of two or more strings of written language placed alongside each other so they can be easily compared. The Behistun inscription is recorded in three different languages: in this case, cuneiform versions of Old Persian, Elamite, and a form of Neo-Babylonian called Akkadian. Like the Rosetta Stone, the Behistun text greatly assisted in the decipherment of those ancient languages: the inscription includes the earliest known use of Old Persian, a sub-branch of Indo-Iranian. A version of the Behistun inscription written in Aramaic (the same language of the Dead Sea Scrolls) was discovered on a papyrus scroll in Egypt, probably written during the early years of the reign of Darius II, about a century after the DB was carved into the rocks. See Tavernier (2001) for more specifics about the Aramaic script. Royal Propaganda The text of the Behistun inscription describes the early military campaigns of the Achaemenid rule King Darius I (522–486 BCE). The inscription, carved shortly after Dariuss accession to the throne between 520 and 518 BCE, give autobiographical, historical, royal and religious information about Darius: the Behistun text is one of several pieces of propaganda establishing Dariuss right to rule. The text also includes Dariuss genealogy, a list of the ethnic groups subject to him, how his accession occurred, several failed revolts against him, a list of his royal virtues, instructions to future generations and how the text was created.   So, What Does it Mean? Most scholars agree that the Behistun inscription is a bit of political bragging. Dariuss main purpose was to establish the legitimacy of his claim to Cyrus the Greats throne, to which he had no blood connection. Other bits of Dariuss braggadocio are found in others of these trilingual passages, as well as big architectural projects at Persepolis and Susa, and the burial places of Cyrus at Pasargadae and his own at Naqsh-i-Rustam. Historian Jennifer Finn (2011) noted that the location of the cuneiform is too far above the road to be read, and few people were likely literate in any language anyway when the inscription was made. She suggests that the written portion was meant not only for public consumption but that there was likely a ritual component, that the text was a message to the cosmos about the king. Translations and Interpretations Henry Rawlinson is credited with the first successful translation in English, scrambling up the cliff in 1835, and publishing his text in 1851. The 19th-century Persian scholar Mohammad Hasan Khan Etemad al-Saltaneh (1843–96) published the first Persian translation of the Behistun translation. He noted but disputed the then-current idea that Darius or Dara might have been matched to King Lohrasp of the Zoroastrian religious and Persian epic traditions.   Israeli historian Nadav Naaman has suggested (2015) that the Behistun inscription may have been a source for the Old Testament story of Abrahams victory over the four powerful Near Eastern kings. Sources Alibaigi, Sajjad, Kamal Aldin Niknami, and Shokouh Khosravi. The Location of the Parthian City of Bagistana in Bistoun, Kermanshah: A Proposal. Iranica Antiqua 47 (2011): 117–31. Print.Briant, Pierre. History of the Persian Empire (550–330 BC). Forgotten Empire: The World of Ancient Persia. Eds. Curtis, John E., and Nigel Tallis. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005. 12–17. Print.Daryaee, Touraj. Persianate Contribution to the Study of Antiquity: Etemad Al-Saltanehs Nativisation of the Qajars. Iran 54.1 (2016): 39–45. Print.Ebeling, Signe Oksefjell, and Jarie Ebeling. From Babylon to Bergen: On the Usefulness of Aligned Texts. Bergen Language and Linguistics Studies 3.1 (2013): 23–42. Print.Finn, Jennifer. Gods, Kings, Men: Trilingual Inscriptions and Symbolic Visualizations in the Achaemenid Empire. Ars Orientalis 41 (2011): 219–75. Print.Naaman, Nadav. Abrahams Victory over the Kings of the Four Quadrants in Light of Darius Is Bis itun Inscription. Tel Aviv 42.1 (2015): 72–88. Print. Olmstead, A. T. Darius and His Behistun Inscription. The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures 55.4 (1938): 392–416. Print.Rawlinson, H. C. Memoir on the Babylonian and Assyrian Inscriptions. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 14 (1851): i–16. Print.Tavernier, Jan. An Achaemenid Royal Inscription: The Text of Paragraph 13 of the Aramaic Version of the Bisitun Inscription. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 60.3 (2001): 61–176. Print.Wilson-Wright, Aren. From Persepolis to Jerusalem: A Reevaluation of Old Persian-Hebrew Contact in the Achaemenid Period. Vetus Testamentum 65.1 (2015): 152–67. Print.

A fine line between sanctity and sinfulness Essay

A fine line between sanctity and sinfulness - Essay Example Christ himself is the difference between sanctity and sinfulness. St. John, when addressing the masses, said that one should not sin, however, if a man sins he has an advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ (Taylor, 1849, p. 418). Christ not only preached sanctity, he lived the life on his own principles. At the same time, he showed the world how to stay away from the sins. The Bible says â€Å"put to death what is earthly in you† (Colossians 3:5). It does not mean to rid the humanness. Earthly here refers to the sins and embracing the opposite, the sanctity. Earthly can be considered evil desires. These evil desires draw the line between good and evil. Say the desire to avoid people or to hurt them based on their ethnicity or the color of their skin, is an evil or earthly desire. Christ preached and embraced all of humanity. Just like the sun does not shine on a single neighborhood, Jesus was not the prophet for a certain race or nation. He did not sin by staying away from the people who were considered of low caste. He embraced sanctity and preached to all equally. It was this act that made him the favorite of the masses. They saw him as their leader, someone with mythical powers that healed their sick. A rebel who was fighting for the rights of poor. Pharisees considered Jesus’s actions as sinful because he condemned Pharisees and the teachers of Moses’s Law (â€Å"Bible Gateway†, n.d.). Jesus never criticized the Law of Moses but he showed his concerns about the character of its preachers. He said to the mass that they should listen to the Law of Moses but there is no need to take action upon it as its preachers are hypocrites. They keep piling restrictions and laws on people but they never abide by them. Their good deeds are just an act to impress people and not the God. Pharisees thrive on appearances and showing off their piousness. For instance, swearing by the altar did not hold any importance to the

Relationship between language,power and gender Essay

Relationship between language,power and gender - Essay Example Language, power and gender are highly related to each other. In order to understand the relationship between language, power and gender, let’s analyze their relationship with the other individually. Many scholars have commented on the relationship between language and the power people have on it. Writers have written many novels and stories on the issue the examples of which include Leslie Marmon Silko's short story Lullaby, Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of King Richard II and The Tempest, Frederick Douglass’s Learning to Read and Write, and Gloria Anzaldua’s How to Tame a Wild Tongue. All of these works convey the same message that language and power are interrelated to each other and one cannot survive without the other.Patel states in his article that â€Å"the way a person speaks or writes determines that person's power in the world.† Elaborating on this will give the whole idea how easy it is to define the social status of an individual while consi dering the language with which he defines himself.An analysis of languages spoken in different regions in the world shows that there are some languages which are recognized and spoken internationally, while there are other which are only spoken within a limited are like within a country. Even inside a country,there are many forms of that one language by which that country is known.This is a sad truth that for a country to progress in this competitive world and to eventually come in power,it is important to get acknowledged with the internationally known languages so as to facilitate the trade and business. Just getting acknowledged is not sufficient but to inculcate that language in the educational curricula is vital to raise the nation with an intense knowledge of that language so that the people of the country can read, write and speak that foreign language just like they easily go with their own mother tongue. This brings power. The relationship between power and gender raises qu estions like whether one gender is given advantage over the other so that one gendered is empowered and the other is left discriminated. The gender differences in many countries makes power stay stuck to only one gender like men are politically preferred to women. Similarly, there are gender discriminations at occupational workplaces due to which men are given chances to get better jobs and women are told to stay at home in front of the stove all day. â€Å"Although women have made gains in the workplace, with more women working than in the past and women possessing approximately a third of all management positions† (Colwill, as cited in Carli, 1999). Male children are also preferred to get higher education which later on offers them high paying jobs within and across the border. This reduces power for the female gender. The difference in social power between the two genders has given rise to the feminist theories which fought for the liberation of women so that they come out of their houses and stand on equal status as men to enjoy the different luxuries of life. Beeching (2004) affirms that the relationship between language and gender gives rise to man linguistic issues. According to her, â€Å"Men's and Women's Talk have arguably been demonstrated to show differences at the phonetic, syntactic, lexical and discourse levels.† Gender socialization affects the overall structure and use of a language. Language has defined the changing responsibilities and roles of the men and women in different walks of life, nationally and internationally. Simkins-Bullock and Wildman (1991, p. 149) have studied in their research the differences in gender in the use of a language and have come to the conclusion that there is much inconsistency among the scholars in agreeing whether or not the two genders use the same language differently. They state that scholars suggest that there are several ways in which the males and females make use of a language but other as pects should also be considered besides gender in

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Leadership - Essay Example – and realize the important link between leadership and success/failure in the chosen path. Hence, I believe that training in the theoretical aspects of personal leadership development would enhance the chances of my success in post-academic life. I define success as a continuing phenomenon of setting goals and achieving them, with each succeeding goal being higher or nobler than the preceding one. Success is a relative term as well, in the sense that it is as much a feeling of self-satisfaction as the recognition that one gains in an organization or society at large. I place great importance on personal probity, teamwork, participation in peripheral fields of activities etc. as the means to achieve success and recognition. Ideally, I wish to work for any organization that reflects my personal beliefs in order that I contribute to it with full sense of participation, and grow along with it. This means that the (your last name) 2 organization must have a good track record of co rporate responsibility, well-respected by the society and enable its employees to blossom to their fullest capabilities. My profession as a retail manager should see me gaining hands-on experience in the initial years, followed by managing teams of juniors in three to five years time and ultimately setting up and running my own business unit in about 8 to 10 years after graduation. Assessing my leadership qualities Without assigning any priority, I consider the following self-assessment assignments as being very useful and revealing: Motivation to lead, Emotional intelligence, Participatory leadership attitude, Leader-member exchange, Self-confidence and Generalized self-efficacy. It is not that I have scored above average in my self-assessment exercises in these fields – rather, the exercises revealed to me my strengths as well as weaknesses. Knowing one’s weaknesses is the first step in learning ways to overcome them. My goals and aspirations as mentioned earlier wou ld demand that I learn to work in a team as a member, build a team and provide leadership to it in due course, handle difficult situations with a balanced approach, and be self-confident and efficient. These are the reasons for me to consider the six selected factors as the most helpful and relevant to my situation. Motivation to lead: I have scored †¦ , taken as the average on the individual dimensions of this exercise like identity-based motivation, noncalculative-based motivation and social normative-based motivation. The exercise helped me to appreciate the vital link between my ambitions and the practical world of dealing with people and their own motivations. Individual scores reflect the gap between what it takes to be a good leader and my present state of (your last name) 3 preparedness to assume leadership role in the real world. My medium-term and long-term goals provide the motivation for me to lead. If I have to realize the aspiration of owning a business in the l ong-term and achieve a measure of success, I should be a good leader to motivate those working for me to contribute their best. Emotional intelligence: I have scored †¦ , taken as the average on the individual dimensions of this exercise, comprising expression, thinking, knowledge and regulation. Having a different level of intelligence from team members, whether higher or lower, is immaterial so long as one can exercise intelligence with prudent emotion. I am certain to

History About The Internet Banking Marketing Essay

History About The Internet Banking Marketing Essay As we all know Internet Banking is becoming popular in every part of the world and Mauritius comprises of one those countries where Internet Banking is being adopted by many people. So we will study the factors that influence the implementation of Internet Banking for the situation of the developing Mauritian economy. The frequently used services by Mauritians are inter account transfer, payment to other personal account, transfer to credit card account, and recharge mobile among others. The Banking Industry is likely to be the principal actor in E-business. Banks have acknowledged an internet presence with numerous aims and most of them are using the internet as a new distributing system. In Mauritius there have been some specific problems that are limiting the e banking adoption they are mainly attitude towards technology, security and privacy concern, trust in banking firms, the e-banking culture, and skills and penetration. E-banking will flourish if the main structures, especial ly the payment of bill are handling well. The banks have already started to focus on increasing and refining E-banking services as they have started to work together with various usefulness companies to enable customer to perform numerous functions online. Keywords: e-banking services, banks, Mauritius, effectiveness, challenges INTRODUCTION A feature of the banking industry across the world has been that is progressively becoming turbulent and viable, categorized by an increasing development towards internalization, mergers, takeovers and alliance of the banking industry. Pikkarainen, Pikkarainen, Karjaluoto, and Pahnila, (2004, p. 224) defines internet banking as an internet portal, through which customers can use different kinds of banking services ranging from bill payment to making investments. Apart from removal of cash, internet banking allows its customer to have access to nearly any kind of banking operation at the click of a mouse. Banks have tried to build customer satisfaction through the delivery of better products and services and at the same time to lessen the operating cost. Thus the world of banking industry has been constantly transforming and with the arrival of technological developments, mainly in the area of telecommunications and information technology, one of the latest revolution that took birth, and quite unavoidably has been the internet banking. Most people have heard of e-banking but they have not tried it as for them it. Many people still pay their bills by mail and deposit checks at banks much of the way almost every people do including our parents. Individuals might shop online for loans, insurance and may other things but when the time reaches to commit themselves they will be more at ease and secure to go at their banks. Online banking is not out to alter your money habits. Instead, it uses todays computer technology to give you the opportunity of avoiding the time-consuming, paper-based aspects of traditional banking in order to be able to manage your finances more rapidly and professionally. The appearance of the Internet and the popularity of personal computers offered both a chance and a test for the banking industry.it has been for years, financial institutions have used influential computer networks to mechanize millions of daily dealing. Today, often the onl y paper record is the customers receipt when the sale is done. At the present customers are connected to the Internet via personal computers, banks envision similar economic advantages by adapting those similar internal electronic processes to home-based use. Most banks view e banking as an authoritative value added tool to be able to attract and preserve new customers though by using the help to eradicate expensive paper handling and teller contact in an progressively viable banking environment Evolution of E-Banking Over a last few decades, technology had drastically affected the banking industry which gave rise to a new concept called E-Banking. E-Banking became popular in late 80s where the system could be accessed with phone lines. But nowadays with computers and internet, E-banking continued to grow. Online Banking was first adopted in New York in 1981 where the major banks like Citibank, Chase and others provided home banking services by making use of a system called videotext. Stanford Federal Credit Union was the first service provider of internet banking in October 1994. The use of E-Banking business is advantageous for both business and stakeholders. They can access the service 24-hour and retrieve any information easily. Moreover, it is affordable for both large and small companies. In addition, it has created new way of marketing the financial services and share mutual support and guidance within a virtual community (Barnatt 1998). But on the other side, there are dangers and disadvantages of E-Banking prevailing. It can be seen that the system available for accessing the services may be discouraging because of poor control in many cases. There is always the threat of hackers whatever the level of security is (Souflis 2002). Furthermore, there is no direct contact with customers and banks (Baldock 1997; Danial 1999; Ramsay and Smith 1999). It can be seen that whatever be the challenges faced by E-Banking, still there are new entrants providing the above services worldwide and they are trying to manage that effectively. Internet Banking around the World In Europeans countries, online banking has been adopted differently. It was seen that most banks which were of medium size made use of internet banking at the very start. However, when comparing the respond rate of North Europe from that of South, it could be deduced that the Northern Europeans adopted online banking at a quicker pace. In early times E-Banking was dependent on the level of education and in some parts of Europe there was highly educated people compared to other parts. Reaching 2008, around 60% of households had started using E-Banking. In USA, banks had lagged behind to adopt internet banking at the very start but slowly they did catch up. The banks like Bank of America, Citibank and Wells Fargo were the main banks providing online banking and they were the mega banks in USA. They had dominated the internet banking field for quite some time. Nowadays, there is 80% of credit unions offering this facility and they have around 6,300 members in this sector. It can be seen that in the American countries, banks make use of internet banking as a business strategy to increase market share rather than making profits. In the study carried out by Capgemini, Unicredit Group and European Financial Management and Marketing association, it was deduced that most banks made use of internet banking as a strategy aiming to attract more clients by offering lower price for products and services. But, it was not advantageous for all banks in all countries. For e.g. In Russia, providing internet banking facilities to its customers was very expensive. This has caused an impact on their market share as clients were unable to benefit from lower prices and moved to other means where costs were low. In Romania, E-banking was introduced in 1996, by a foreign bank followed by local banks in 1998 and 1999. Many people did not have internet connection at that time and the target customers were mostly companies. In 2003, there was 18, 000 users of internet banking which gradually increased to 200,000 in 2006. In the year 2007, internet banking completely entered the main stream in Romania. In May 2007, a study was conducted on internet banking services which considered 5 banks in the Romanian Banking sector which were the Bankpost, B.R.D, Banca, Transilvania, HVB Tiriac, Raiffeisen Bank. The usability study looks into accounts of those customers who were computer literate and had at least one card to be used online. It was concluded that customers were more conscious about security and risks involved in E-banking rather than the benefits that were provided. But, today in Romania, people are more conscious about the opportunities that E-banking provides and they want to switch to these services as fast as possible. It can also be seen that youngsters are more interested in using all these services especially in the modern times. E- Banking allows customers to do almost everything without having to go in any branch of their banks. It offers a range of advantages and they are mainly the same around all countries and they are:- Informational: They provide clients with information about the products and services offered by banks which are free of cost. Communication: clients can get information about their accounts and can update their profiles as they can get access to the banks main system. Transactional: Customers can pay their bills, transfer money, make loan application without any inconvenience of going to bank, waiting for their turn and complete their transactions. Time is also saved. Moreover, with E-banking, banks can target customers of other countries not necessarily the home countries. In this technological age organizations around the world are making extensive efforts to cope with the evolving business environment. Increases in domestic and global competition, are causing markets to add pressures on the organizations to come up with effective responses to survive and succeed. Ease in the international trade barriers, economic globalization, globalization and deregulation are major challenges that organizations in developing and newly industrialized economies such as India. To be able to respond to the changes in the external environment effectively, companies are using information technology (IT) as a tool to improve their productivity and competitiveness. Over the last decades India has been one of the fastest economies to adopt information technology, in particularly due to its capability to offer software solutions to organizations across the world. This comparative advantage has enabled India to provide remarkable impetus to their domestic banking industry to present latest advances in technology, especially in the internet banking and e-commerce arenas. (kannabiran, narayan, 2005). Banking industry in India does not contrast much from other industries in terms of facing constantly changing market conditions and leverages. IT is basically used for competitive advantage purposes. In todays global context, IT has become an imperative for organizations to remain competitive and grow effectively. Even if the technological advances around the world had been quite fast over the past years, the process was relatively slow in India. The emergence of new private banks in India changed the entire scenario drastically since these banks business model evolved around IT. As a result IT became an important strategic necessity for banks in the industry to remain competitive. Prior to the 1990s IT was used to automate the back offices of banks. From then on IT has been deployed in different types of back-office and customer interface activities. From technological perspective, Indian banks found it difficult to adopt information technology both as a strategic tool and as an operational necessity. The first challenge had been the availability of comprehensive and centralized banking application that could cope with the various operational requirements and controls that could be adapted to the Indian banking environment. The second challenge was the difficulty to set up a strong communication network connecting the branches of the bank to the data center hosting the core banking applications. With the expansion of internet usage, e-banking is one of the most revolutionized components in this new eras economic growth. E-banking is somehow said to the most powerful value-added tool to attract new customers and retain existing ones. Proliferation of internet and computer usage has only caused the electronic banking delivery to become ideal and to meet customer expectations. This has been the result of the adoption of internet banking by Malaysian banks. Malaysia has endeavored to develop its e-commerce significantly. Banking organizations in Malaysia are offering online transactional services for its customers via banking services. In Iran, Amin Sulaiman et al. (2005) conclude that the adopters perceive e-banking to be an easy and convenient way and carry out their E-banking transactions either from their homes or office, also, the age, income and job positions held influence E-banking adoption. Higher adoption was seen amongst younger persons, persons with high salaries and those holding higher positions. The introduction of internet banking has only brought up the concept of Anytime Anywhere Banking. Banks have been spending lots on the technological wave of internet banking. It has also discouraged physical transactions by simply levying additional charges at the physical branches. Due to high investments in technology and its adoption by numerous banks, the internet banking sector has known tremendous growth. From the Asian experience, it is clear that Internet Banking is here to stay and is a key channel to acquire and service customers. Since 2006, internet banking has increased by more than 45.4million in the Asia Pacific regions. In markets like Korea and Singapore, over 10% of their population makes use of the Internet banking facilities. Even though these markets are a long ahead of India both in terms of internet penetration and on-line banking services, we should not forget that India has very big potentials and is a world in itself. India is speeding to catch up with its other Asian counterparts. Mauritian Context With the trend of globalization all around the world, it is almost difficult for a country whether big or small, developed or developing to remain separated from what is happening around. For a country like Mauritius, which is one of the promising emerging markets, such separation is almost impossible, more specifically in the information Technology area. Information Technology has reduced in size the world, and as a result, time and distance is of no importance. In the current global context, information Technology is of great importance for organization to remain competitive and to grow (Uppal and Chawla, 2008). The concept of banking in Mauritius has drastically changed where technology is the most predominating factor which has helped banks to have new products and services in order to win the competitive market. Before the electronic era, the entire banking in Mauritius was conducted manually and very little through computers, but today almost every transaction is done electroni cally. Long ago in Mauritius, banks conducted their activities mainly in the banks itself, that is if customers had to make any transactions or have recourse to any services offered by banks, they had to go to the banks in order to be able to conclude their transactions. But, many changes have occurred in the global business environment in the last decade of the 20th century, among which is electronic commerce, or trade of products and services through internet and telecommunication networks (kalakota whinstone, 1997). Nevertheless, the effect of electronic commerce has been more obvious in the banking and financial services industry in contrast to other industries (Bughin, 2004; eMarketer, 2000). The adoption of technology by the banking industry in many countries around the world has been at a very high level. But the process in Mauritius has been slow over the last several years. It got off to a slow start and only picked up momentum in the 1975s. Information Technology was mainly emplo yed to automate the back-office and customer-interface activities of banking. It was only in the year 1997 that internet banking really becomes in operation. It is a relatively recent phenomenon in Mauritius (Padachi et al, 2007). This was mainly due to a relatively good quality infrastructure with respect to communication, internet facilities available to almost every citizen of Mauritius and has the highest education attainment as well. In 1997, out of the 11 banks in Mauritius, only 4 of them, namely the Mauritius Commercial Bank, the State Commercial Bank, Banque de Mascareignes and Barclays were offering internet banking facilities (Padachi et al, 2007). But today almost every bank in Mauritius is offering e-banking services. Some of the e-banking services banks in Mauritius are offering are: mobile banking, electronic bill presentment and payment, fund transfer between a customer account to another customers account or to any banks, loan application and transaction, receiving or checking bank statement online, Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) and many othe rs. In the next paragraph, we will study the e-banking services in more details. E-Banking services The e-banking services that the Mauritian banks offer are as follow: Mobile banking Mobile banking is a term used to perform balance account transactions, balance checks, payments etc. via a mobile device such as mobile phone  or Personal Digital Assistant (PDA). Mobile banking today is most often performed via SMS or the  Mobile Internet. There is also the recharge of mobile phones where a customer can recharge his mobiles credit anytime and anywhere. You just have to send a text to recharge your mobile or to check your bank balance wherever you are1. Electronic bill presentment and payment (EBPP) This service facilitates payment of electricity, telephone bills, insurance premium bills and many others by allowing its customers to electronically settle payments of goods and services. Customers and billing companies can use the phone or the internet to make payments as well as having access to their billing information where the company bills its customer and receives the payment electronically. EBPP can provide significant savings to traditional print mail billing and payment remittance, and also causes significant reduction in the use of paper. The customer does not have to pay their bills in person, delegating it to the bank and as such saves time for the customer2. 1 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/mobile-banking 2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBPP Fund transfer Customers can transfer any amount from his own checking or savings account to another customers account of the same or any other banks. They can transfer funds in any banks in Mauritius and also overseas. As such, it allows customers to use this service 24 hours a day, 7 days a week as compared to traditional fund transfer. It offers greater security as no tangible cash is involved. This service also provides a fast and perpetual connection with the bank1. Loan application and transaction Nowadays customers no longer have to wait long time in queues for a loan application. They can simply apply for a loan online. They only have to sign in to have access to the online services and enter the sum of money which they want to receive as loan. The customer is either notified by mail or by telephone and the notification is faster than traditional loan application. Checking and receiving bank statement online. The customer just has to enter his PIN number in order to check his or her bank statement online. It is a flexible and convenient service where the customers can have access to their bank statements anywhere in the world, whether its at home or at work even if the bank is closed. It also eliminates paper processing. Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) 1http://www.hsbc.co.mu/1/2/personal/Personal-bankingATM is a device that allows the banks customer to have access to financial transactions in a public space without the help of a bank teller. On the ATM, the customer is identified by inserting his ATM card that contains a unique card number and some security information. The customer just has to enter his PIN to have access to his bank account in order to make cash withdrawals and to check his account balance. Thus customers saves time as they do not have to make queues for withdrawal of their money in banks and also, the speed of transaction is faster than the traditional banking channel. They can also withdraw money anytime they want (Salami). Challenges Over the past few years, numerous financial bodies have launched e-banking over the Internet. Given the necessities of matching marginal gains versus marginal costs, measuring the effectiveness of market growth along definite scopes and segments, and determining whether the new technology would be recognized, it is authoritative that this result is frequently re-evaluated. Commercial banks face substantial tests on both the supply side and demand side, allied in specific with race, product-service excellence and diversity, cost effectiveness, transaction security, and demographic alteration (Zigi Liao and M.T Cheung). Despite that information technology has enormously improved operating efficiency in the banking sector, it has also weakened the banks information system. The negative effects on online banking are very few but have a significant impact on customer satisfaction. Customer who lacks computer skills and is not at ease in using the internet may find it difficult to navigate and learn how to use online services thus causing frustration. Forgery is another challenge concerning e-banking as there are some proxy websites or fraud, which can hack information which a person entered when doing a transaction and exploit it unfairly. Therefore, people may lose their money without realizing it and by the time they are aware, they have already make huge losses. Matila and Matila(2005) ascertained that security impedes the adoption of e-banking. As such, customer loses the banks confidence. Customer confidence is another barrier towards the adoption of e-banking as lack of trust may prevent customers from using electronic channel (Steward, 1999). Another challenge of e- banking is that it takes time to get the Internet account started, as it needs a lot of paper work. Some people evade using Internet banking services as they find it hard to comprehend how it works. Also, the fact that an incorrect click can cause financial losses may be a preventive. Internet banking can also pose difficultly, then if the network crashes in ones area this may originate into trouble, if the person has to do an essential deal. Furthermore, Clerk and Mills (1993) implies that some customers will prefer face-to-face interaction by establishing personal contact with the bank who want social and psychological benefits, thus detrimental to e-banking. One very common challenge of e-banking is when a person has a difficultly or a query. In traditional banking, if someone is in difficulty, he can go to an employee of the bank to solve it. But, in the case of e-banking, he will find himself making infinite calls to the customer service department. Another problem encountered by a customer is where he is put on hold or his phone call is passed from one employee to another thus annoying the customer. Access to internet is one of the major barriers for e-banking. E-banking services is determined by the number of people having access to internet and also the cost of internet connection(Li and Worthington,2004; Sonail and Shanmugham, 2003). Age is another factor that affects the adoption of e-banking. Elderly people are more reluctant to use e-banking services as compared to younger generation. As pointed out by Oumlil and Williams(2001), mature banking customers are not innovators of new technologies, but are rather reluctant or are small in number towards adoption of new services. Though, e-banking has certain challenges, one can gain of its customer-friendly services, if one is cautious and careful. One should never give away his password to any unknown person and to make the experience of Internet banking an easy process and must use sites that are familiar and reliable.