Psycholinguistics And Second Language Acquisition

Psycholinguistics And Second Language Acquisition When all is said in done, Lennebergs basic period theory recommended that specific phonetic occasions must happen to the kid during the Critical Period for improvement to continue typically and language is obtained most proficiently during this period. Customarily, the Critical Period Hypothesis is utilized to clarify why second procurement is so hard for more established youngsters and grown-ups. In this exposition, the job of basic period in second language procurement will be inspected by utilizing definitive investigations, just as my own understanding. Regardless, the manner by which Critical Period represents second language obtaining ought to be plainly explained. Johnson and Newport (1989) refine the plan of the Critical Period Hypothesis and clarify how it deciphers second language securing. They recognized two further speculations: Exercise Hypothesis and Maturational State Hypothesis. Them two expect that people have an unrivaled limit with regards to learning language right off the bat throughout everyday life. These two theories foresee that kids will be better than grown-ups in getting the primary language however just the last one predicts that youngsters will be prevalent at second language learning. For sure, the Exercise Hypothesis even recommends that grown-ups may be better than youngsters as a result of their better learning abilities potentially. Examination has tended to the issue that whether there is an age-related impact on second language securing. To start with, there is an exploration expresses a perspective as opposed to prevalent sentiment. A great many people believe that kids are better in obtaining both first and second language. In any case, Snow (1983) recommended that grown-ups were entirely more regrettable in obtaining second language and might be far and away superior. Despite the fact that it is hard for a reasonable correlation since kids have more opportunity to learn language grown-ups, Snow and Hoefnagel-Hohle (1978) directed an examination by contrasting English kids and grown-ups in the principal year of living in Holland learning Dutch. The little youngsters (3-4 years of age) scored most minimal everything being equal. Exploratory and narrative proof recommended that grown-ups have an industrious outside complement and phonological improvement may be the one region for which there is a basic period. Regardless of whether there are confinements of this examination, it is conceivable that grown-ups can get second language more proficient than kids. Absolutely, there is some proof for a basic period for second language procurement. Johnson and Newport (1989) discovered proof for a Critical Period for second language securing. They took a gander at local Korean and Chinese outsiders (3-39 years of age) to the USA and found an enormous bit of leeway for more youthful over more seasoned students in making decisions about whether a sentence was syntactically right. They found that their members associated unequivocally and essentially in the unexpected appearances (age 3-15) however not in the more seasoned appearances (age 17-39). Johnson and Newport took this to propose that à ¢Ã£ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã¢ ¬Ã£â€¦ â€Å"language learning capacity gradually decreases as the human develops and levels at a low level after puberty㠢㠢‚⠬⠝. This investigation is a significant proof of the nearness of the Critical Period in second language securing. Truth be told, there is another examination which inspected the impacts of development on elocution by utilizing foreigners with different times of appearance as subjects can likewise show that the Critical Period truly exists in SLA. Thompson (1991) gathered information from 39 Russian-conceived subjects (4-42 years of age) who had moved to the US. The outcome highlighted a solid connection between a subject㠢㠢‚⠬㠢„â ¢s period of first presentation to English and the nativeness of their intonation. From these two investigates, it can show that the Critical Period truly exists in second language obtaining. Aside from the legitimate examinations referenced over, my own understanding of learning Putonghua can likewise bolster the Critical Period in second language procurement. At the point when I learnt Putonghua in grade school, my insight into Putonghua, particularly the articulation, was gained effectively and rapidly by mimicking the way to express my instructor right away. In any case, I didn't learn Putonghua in optional school and gained it again from a year ago. As it were, all the information on Putonghua has lost and I expected to take in it from the earliest starting point. All things considered, I discovered it is progressively hard for me to learn Putonghua while getting more seasoned with the impact of my first language Cantonese. Since the vocabularies and ways to express these dialects are comparable, I effortlessly articulated mistakenly or utilized some off-base vocabularies like Cantonese. Contrasted and the learning involvement with grade school, I have to utilize con siderably more time obtain Putonghua as second language all the more precisely and build up my language capability at grown-up stage. To finish up, there is still some discussion on whether there is a basic period for securing language. Nonetheless, there is a general understanding that youth submersion in a second language condition prompts far reaching accomplishment in accomplishing local like capability in that language. In like manner, the presentation to a second language in adulthood is set apart by an inability to accomplish local like skill. Consequently, the significance old enough consequences for second language obtaining is not really dubious by various steady examinations on this speculation. (818 words) Reference Harley, T.A. (1995). The Psychology of Language: From Data to Theory. East Sussex, UK: Erlbaum. Johnson, J.S. Newport, E.L. (1989). Basic period impacts in second language learning: The impact of maturational state on the securing of English as a subsequent language. Subjective brain science, 21, 60-99. Lenneberg, E. (1967). Natural establishments of language. New York: Wiley. Day off. (1983). Age contrasts in second language procurement: Research discoveries and society brain science. In K. Bailey, M. Long, S. Peck (Eds.), Second language procurement considers (pp. 141-150). Rowley, MA: Newbury House. Day off., Hoefnagel-Hohle, M. (1978). The basic time frame for language obtaining: Evidence from second language learning. Kid Development, 49, 1114-1128. Thompson, I. (1991). Outside intonations returned to: The English way to express Russian foreigners. Language Learning, 41, 177-204.

Superman and Batman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Superman and Batman - Essay Example The superhero’s financial status raises another difference. At the point when Batman is experiencing his regular citizen job as Bruce Wayne, he is a fruitful agent (an extremely rich person) while Clark Kent, Superman’s modify personality, is only a customary essayist for a paper making an unobtrusive pay. These distinctions make the normal resident side of each character like everything turned inside out. Be that as it may, the distinctions don't end there, particularly with regards to their families and connections. It ought to likewise be noticed that Superman is raised by two guardians (despite the fact that not his own), while Batman is raised by his head servant, Alfred Pennyworth, who he keeps on living with all through adulthood. Besides, Batman has an accomplice, the Boy Wonder, otherwise called Robin, to help him in his battle against wrongdoing, though Superman is consistently a limited show with no sidekick. The individuals the superheroes encircle themselves with are completely different. Another significant distinction between the two characters can be seen when taking a gander at the settings in which they were raised. Superman experienced childhood in the unobtrusive country setting of a Kansas ranch, while Batman experienced childhood in an extravagant way of life in a manor, in the packed metropolitan territory known as Gotham City. These spots of their childhood are practically total inverses. Lastly, there are the physical and material contrasts between the two. Batman wears a veil, while the other caped crusader doesn't, as Superman’s camouflage (or cover) is basically the glasses he wears and his geeky character as Clark Kent. Besides, Superman’s sole methods for transportation is his flying capacity, though Batman principally utilizes his well known Batmobile to expediently get all around, also his other cutting edge rides, including a plane, helicopter, cruiser, and speedboat. Despite the fact that these distinctions may appear to be incredibl e in number, they could not hope to compare to the striking likenesses one can discover between the two by burrowing somewhat more profound. There are numerous resemblances shared between the caped crusaders. The principal key closeness to note between the superheroes is that both Superman and Batman were considered (in the creative mind) during the 1930s as comic book legends. In Cleveland, Ohio, in June 1932, Jerry Siegel, an American essayist made Superman and Canadian American craftsman Joe Shuster drew him before they offered the idea to Action Comics,

How to Conduct a Feasibility Study the Right Way

How to Conduct a Feasibility Study the Right Way All businesses have to critically examine the actions they take, whether the business is just starting out or has been in operation for a while. Establishing the viability of an idea or action can ultimately determine whether a business succeeds or not. The best tool for determining this is by conducting a feasibility study. © Shutterstock.com | Rawpixel.comIn this guide, we will examine what a feasibility study entails and when it should be used. We’ll then outline the five key elements of a feasibility study and provide you with six steps for conducting one within your organization. Lastly, youll see some examples of feasibility studies.WHAT IS A FEASIBILITY STUDY?A feasibility study is a study, which is performed by an organization in order to evaluate whether a specific action makes sense from an economic or operational standpoint. The objective of the study is to test the feasibility of a specific action and to determine and define any issues that would argue against this action.The question a feasibility study essentially tries to answer is: “Should we proceed with the specific action plan?” On top of determining whether the plan is viable, organizations can use a feasibility study for understanding the risks better and preparing for them.It’s important to remember that a feasibility study is not the same as a business plan. A business plan provides a planning function and defines the actions needed to take a business idea into reality, whereas a feasibility study provides an investigation into a specific function and whether it’s viable.While it’s important to conduct both plans before setting up a company, a business plan should only be conducted once the business has been deemed viable by a feasibility study.When should a feasibility study be used?While feasibility studies are typically conducted by business organizations, other organizations can naturally benefit from it as well. Since the study aims to discover whether an action is viable, it can help organizations to avoid costly or operationally exhausting ventures.The study is typically used in situations where an important strategic decision needs to be taken.This can vary and some of the example situations include:Change in business locationPurchase of new equipment or softwareAcquisition of another com panyHiring of additional employeesAs mentioned above, a feasibility study is often at the core of launching a business. It can be the key to launching a successful start-up, as it helps to underline the future pain points and to determine whether the plan is viable in the first place.Overall, a feasibility study is the perfect tool for situations where the impact is likely to be big in terms of operational or economic significance.David E. Gumpert nailed the essential importance of a feasibility study in his book How to Really Create a Successful Business Plan. When discussing the possible failure of a feasibility study (i.e. the negative result), Gumpert wrote, “Although [an unsuccessful feasibility study] may appear to be a failure, it’s not. The failure would have been if you had invested your own and others’ money and then lost it due to barriers you failed to research in advance.”Finally, you can watch the below video to understand the importance of a feasibility study for business success through a simple example: CORE ELEMENTS OF A FEASIBILITY STUDYYou’ll need to study the main elements when conducting a feasibility study. While these are often all required for conducting a study, you might sometimes focus mostly on a single element or a combination of a few of them.#1  Technical feasibilityThe first element deals with technical feasibility of the proposed action plan. If your organization is introducing a new product or a service, the technical feasibility study will determine if it’s a technically viable action.This part of the feasibility study should answer the following questions:What is the proposed product or service?Is the product or service already on sale? If not, how far is it from an existing marketplace and what will the introduction cost?How can you protect the product or service from the competition?What are the strengths of the product or service?What are the main benefits to customers or users?What resources are required for producing or providing it?How capable is the organization to acquire these resources?What are the regulatory standards surrounding the product or service and its use?Remember the above questions can be used when you are introducing a new product or launching a business, but also if you are implementing a new product or service within your organization. For instance, if you are introducing new software, you must understand the strengths of it, as well as the resources required for implementing it.#2  Market feasibilityThe second element focuses on testing the market for the proposed action or idea. It examines issues like whether the product or service can be sold at reasonable prices or if there’s a marketplace for it.Market feasibility should answer the following questions:What market segments are you targeting?Why would people buy the product or service?Who are the potential customers and how many of them are there?What are the buying patterns of these potential customers?How w ill you sell the product or service? Where?Who are your competitors? Including past, current and future competitors.What are the strengths and weaknesses of your competitors?What is your product or service’s competitive edge?The above essentially points out to the importance of conducting market research as part of your feasibility study. Market feasibility is an important part of a feasibility study when the plan of action deals with issues such as business expansion, new product or service launch, product development and starting up a business. #3  Commercial feasibilityCommercial feasibility is an element of the study focused on the probability of commercial success. It’s mainly focused on studying the new business or a new product or service, and whether your organization can create enough profit with it.The questions that require answering as part of the commercial feasibility study include:What are the strengths and weaknesses of your business?What are the potential sales volumes of the product or service?What is the pricing structure you’ll use?What are the sensitivity points for your business in terms of sales?What is the ROI?Furthermore, if you are conducting a feasibility study as part of launching a business, you also need to answer the following questions:How long can your business survive without a sale?How long before you break even with the product or service?How much money is required to start operating?Will your organization require external finance?While the above points are mainly important for new businesses, any organization can benefit from thinking about them when launching a new operation.For example, if you are adding a new product line to your business, you should use the above questions as a guide to understanding the implications to your other operations and the financial viability of the new product.#4 Overall risk assessmentThe fourth element focuses on the major risks the proposed plan can entail. The overall risk assessmen t part of a feasibility study examines the different ways your organization can reduce the risk of embarking on the new action.The overall risk assessment should answer the following questions:What are the major risks associated with the operation?What is the survival outlook for each of the above risks?How sensitive are the profits?What are the best ways to minimize these risks?The aim is to try to cover all the possibilities and create a risk assessment map, which deals with the probability of the risk and the impact it would have on the business. It’s aimed at recognizing the risks that can make or break your business from the smaller, more manageable risks.For instance, consider your business is conducting a feasibility study in order to hire a new employee. One risk might deal with the possibility the hire is an inadequate fit and leaves after six month trial period. But your risk assessment might show that while the risk of this is relatively high, the survivability of your business doesn’t depend on it. For example, the cost of a bad hire could be low due to your recruitment strategy or the position not being essential for operations.This is how you can create your own risk assessment map.[slideshare id=1707548doc=riskmanagementframework-090710200059-phpapp01w=640h=330]In addition, if you are launching a new business, the overall risk assessment should also consider one final question. Answering the question “When can your business be able to support you and itself without extra financing?” is an important part of a feasibility study. Self-sufficiency is crucial for business success, as having to borrow can hinder the long-term survivability of your business.#5 Feasibility of purchasing an existing businessThe final essential element of a feasibility study is not necessarily relevant to every business. Nonetheless, it is an important aspect to keep in mind, as it deals with the impact of acquiring a new business. This is not only relevant to new businesses, as your organization might acquire a new business as part of its growth strategy.The purpose of this final element is to study whether purchasing an existing business is a sound investment to make. It requires your organization to answer questions such as:Why is the current owner selling the business?What is the business’ performance? If it’s poor, what are the reasons behind it?What is the competition like?What is the valuation of the assets included in the sale?What are the advantages and disadvantages of the current business location? Is your organization continuing operations in the same premises or not? Why?STEPS TO CONDUCTING A FEASIBILITY STUDYNow that we’ve examined the different core elements of a feasibility study, we can look at the steps you need to take in order to conduct a feasibility study.Step 1: Conduct preliminary analysisA feasibility study can be a time-consuming process and it doesn’t come without its costs. It’s therefore auspicious to s tart by conducting preliminary analysis. This is essentially a pre-screening of the proposed action and it examines whether a proper feasibility assessment is worth the time and money.For example, before you conduct a feasibility study on the viability of acquiring a business, you want to check quickly the overall attainability of the action. If the acquisition is so risky that it could bankrupt your business, there’s no reason for conducting a proper feasibility study.Preliminary assessment should consist of the following steps:First, you want to outline the planned idea or action. This means looking at what you are looking to achieve and why.Second, you should examine the market space and the commercial viability of the action. You want to get an overall feel of what type of customers are you potentially attracting.Third, you should examine the unique characteristics of the idea and whether they are strength or a weakness. The idea or action might have certain unique characteris tics (i.e. location, price, usability) and these might help your organization.Fourth, you need to determine if there are insurmountable risks to the action. It’s essential to outline any risks that could possibly reduce the viability of the action or idea close to zero.Keep in mind the above is just to get an overall feel of the idea. You don’t need to conduct full market research at this point, but simply understand whether there’s any kind of space for the action within the market.If your preliminary analysis doesn’t find any insurmountable obstacles and the commercial viability is possibly there, you can continue with the proper feasibility study.Step 2: Outlining the project scope and conducting current analysisNext, you should move on to outlining the project scope by defining the area of study for the feasibility study. Do you need to look at all five elements of the study, for example?The scope must be detailed and outline the objectives of the feasibility study clear ly. It’s a good idea to examine the above five elements in terms of your action or idea and create an action plan for each section that applies to the project.It’s essential to study the different parts of your business that might be influenced by the proposed action or idea, even when you aren’t proposing something that impacts the whole business directly (i.e. launching a new product, acquiring a business or starting a business). Actions, such as hiring new personnel to a single department, can sometimes have an impact on sectors that might not immediately seem obvious.The key to outlining the scope is about understanding the different participants and end-users of the proposed idea or action. For instance, if you are moving the business to new premises, you have to understand the impact it’ll have on the workforce (change in commute can an impact on employee morale, etc.) and the customer (will all customers follow your business to a new location, etc.).Finally, you also need to analyze the current situation prior to the implementation of the idea or action. You can do so by describing the weaknesses and strengths of the business. Once you’ve done this, you can study the savings and the operational benefits you are hoping to achieve with the new proposal.Step 3: Comparing your proposal with existing products/servicesYou’ll also need to research the current competitive landscape in order to understand whether the proposed idea or action is viable. Whether you are implementing a new software or equipment or launching your own new product, you need to compare the proposed product or service with other similar items on the market.This might mean you need to compare the feasibility of your chosen software (for example, accounting platform) with other products on the market. What are the benefits of your proposed choice and what are the weaknesses? Are the risks associated with your chosen software smaller or bigger than those of competitive products? The same analysis applies when launching a new product. Part of your feasibility study must then focus on understanding what the customers are looking for and whether your proposed idea answers these needs. You should also compare the proposed product with the existing products or services and focus on the advantages, as well as disadvantages, you might have.Learn more about Porters five forces in this video. Step 4: Examining the market conditionsYou also need to examine the market conditions. There are four specific points when it comes to the analyzing market in terms of feasibility.Defining the target market.Studying the buying habits of the target market.Understanding the sale and market share outlook of the proposal.Outlining the product awareness required for the use of your product or service.The main goal of this part of the feasibility study is to understand the revenue projection for implementing the proposed idea or action. You want to have a realistic understanding of t he kind of sale numbers you can expect and the scope of the promotional activities you are required to undertake.For example, in terms of product or service awareness, you must be able to determine the type of marketing required for potential customers to understand and be able to use the item.Step 5: Understanding the financial costsOne of the most important steps for concluding a feasibility study involves calculating the financial costs related to the proposal. No matter what type of idea or action your organization is considering, the financial cost of it can be the major point in determining its viability.The first rule of any successful business is the need to have income or it goes bust. Therefore, any action your organization takes has to examine the impact it’ll have on the income and profit of the business.The financial costs associated with your proposed idea or action will naturally depend on the proposal. But you have to consider the following points in all instances: The resources required to implement the idea or action.The source for these resources: internal or external financing.The realistic benefits of the idea or action, whether it’s sales figures, boost in productivity, or a cut in operational costs.The break-even schedule for the proposal. This refers to the time it takes to a point when the profits from the idea or action equal the costs associated with it.The financial risks associated with the idea or action. This can refer to risky market conditions, the probability of requiring more resources and so on.The financial cost of failure. You also need to calculate the financial cost of the worst-case scenario. This can determine whether your business has the means of embarking on this new venture or not.The likelihood of having to use estimates in the above calculations is relatively high. It’s important to conduct proper research and to be as realistic with your figures as possible. After all, positive surprises (for example, excee ding sales figures) are not difficult to manage, unlike overly positive calculations that turn out wrong.Step 6: Reviewing and analysing dataFinally, you need to review your feasibility study carefully and examine the findings with time. A good rule of thumb is to simply take a step back and reflect on the research before jumping into conclusions.After your study, look around and consider the following questions:Are there any risks you weren’t aware of previously?Have the market conditions changed?Has the competition changed?Is your business situation still the same, in terms of operations and economic situation?If the conditions have changed, you can review these parts of the feasibility study. Once you’ve reviewed your results, you can go ahead with the final decision. The feasibility study should provide you the answer of either moving ahead with the proposed idea or action, or scrapping the idea and looking for something different.EXAMPLES OF FEASIBILITY STUDIESUse the follo wing examples as inspirations for your own feasibility study.Feasibility study for setting up a bakery.[slideshare id=28843825doc=feasibilitystudy-131203075213-phpapp02type=dw=640h=330]Feasibility study for setting up a water refilling station.[slideshare id=40064756doc=alphaedit-141009073249-conversion-gate02type=dw=640h=330]Feasibility study for setting up a poultry business.[slideshare id=41782939doc=feasibilitystudyaboutchicken-141119201619-conversion-gate02type=dw=640h=330]

Self Esteem And Body Image - 1835 Words

Everyone has dealt with self-image issues at some point in their life. Whether it be for a small time or for a lifetime, everyone can understand the feeling of disliking their appearance. Advertising has created the ideal body and one that is not like the average body in today’s society. With technology at people’s fingertips every second of the day, advertising is seen constantly. By advertising representing only the thin bodies, men and women who don’t look like that feel like they are not acceptable. Self-image is deeply rooted in our thoughts and feelings, but representing the average human in advertising can create a bit of self-acceptance. Self-esteem is an issue that often begins in early childhood. Many girls aged seven to twelve are at risk for developing low self-esteem and body image. This puts them at risk for other things, such as eating disorders, drinking, and bullying (Hartocollis). The girls who are already developing low amounts of self-esteem a re already getting plastic surgery and wearing Spanx to prevent being bullied even further or have a chance of raising their own self-esteem (Dockterman 1). The problem is that young girls are â€Å"looking for self-love in all the wrong places† from our parents, friends, and even strangers (Krauthammer). The thing about self-esteem is it contains a very important word: self. However self-esteem is so often influenced by what other people’s validation that we forget to appreciate ourselves. Childhood self-esteemShow MoreRelatedSelf Esteem And Body Image1263 Words   |  6 Pages Self-Esteem Body Image â€Å"When you accept yourself the whole world accepts you.†Self-esteem is used to describe a person s sense of self-worth. Self-esteem can involve different of beliefs about themselves, such as belittling their own beliefs, appearance and behaviors. Body image is your own attitude towards your body. 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But the question is why would any teen want to look at pictures of their peers who look camera ‘perfect’ 24/7 to only lower thei r self-esteem and how they feel about themselves? ManyRead More The Influence of Self-Assessed Body Image on Confidence and Self-Esteem2459 Words   |  10 Pagesfor social psychology is body image and the perceptions that are related to age groups, genders, and ethnicities. Young people today are pressured by society to make physical appearance a dominant factor in their everyday lives, and the pressure is found not only through media influence but friends and family as well (Pavica, 2010). These pressures can affect many different aspects of a person’s life and significantly influence their actions. 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The Perceived Image Of Bipolar Disorder - 1214 Words

The Perceived Image of Bipolar Disorder in Silver Linings Playbook Bipolar Disorder is a mental illness that many people live with everyday. This disorder causes people to have intense mood swings, that effect their daily lives. These mood swings are managed by medications and therapeutic interventions, because the main concern is patient’s safety and safety to others. There are many movies and television shows that perceive Bipolar Disorder through characters. One movie, Silver Linings Playbook, displays what this mental illness looks like, and the difficulties of managing it, with the goal to live a normal life. In Silver Linings Playbook, Pat Solitano, a middle aged man, faces getting over a traumatic event in which he had a†¦show more content†¦He was very blunt, and he did not have boundaries when talking to others. Pat was in complete denial of everything that had happened during his psychotic break, he also did not believe that his marriage what nonexistent any more. Because of this denial, Pat was doing everything in his power to get his wife back because he believed they were still meant to be. This was Pat’s motivation through out the whole movie. Pat also experienced delusions and paranoia, he believed that his wife and the man she cheated on him with were plotting something against him, which lead him to feeling very betrayed. There was a common trigger in the movie that made Pat act violent, have flashbacks, and lose control of his actions. When Pat found his wife cheating on him, the song that had played at their wedding was playing on the stereo. From then on, he associated that song with the traumatic event that had happened that night. Through out the movie the song played. It played early on in the waiting room while Pat was waiting to see his psychiatrist, where he responded to it with violence and yelling. This song played later on in the movie when Pat was learning how to control himself, this triggered him to panic ho wever, and he once again lost control. Towards the end of the movie though, it played one last time, Pat put his hands over

How Life Will Be in 50 Years Free Essays

In general life will be a lot better in 50 years. Some people can say that it’s true,however some may not agree with this opinion. World and life are changing on our eyes with the killing speed. We will write a custom essay sample on How Life Will Be in 50 Years or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are changes in our life which are good for us,for all mankind,but also there are a lot of changes that are bad for people or for health. In my opinion life wouldn’t be much better than it is today and it’s possibile that it would be even worse. New technologies are considered as good by the most of the society and there is a tought that life will be easier and better thanks to them. But is this a wholly true? Surely not. Computer is one of the greatest inventions of the 21th century. If we use it in the right way it won’t be dangerous for us. But even know we can see problems according to internet and computers so what would be in 50 years? Scientists certified that time we are spending in virtual world will be notoriously increasing. So†¦ will we spend something about 12 hours a day in front of a computer? I don’t think it would be healthy for anyone. Part of the society will be just unable to handle that and something that was invited to serve us and make life easier can lead people right into madness. However,new technologies have a good side too. In present there ale ilnesses and diseases which we are unable to cure. Cancer kills a million of people around the world everyday. Thousands of people get HIV everyday. Medicine made a hughe step in 21th century but not as big as to cure every ilness. I think in 50 years from now scientists will invite medicine to many different kinds of ilnesses. How to cite How Life Will Be in 50 Years, Essay examples

Bornstein Essay Example For Students

Bornstein Essay Although Bornstein argues that gender is entirely socially constructed I find it hard to believe that he is completely correct. I do agree that gender is influenced by the world we are born into. I understand that from birth we are partially programmed by our society to become something, but I do not agree that this is the determining factor in what we become as people. I feel that its only a small part of our modern society (known as traditions) that are fighting to fit us in a certain category. Furthermore, Id like to believe that most of todays society is helping us express our own individuality. I am not a stranger to social construction. I was born to a very strict Roman Catholic Italian family. My grandfather worked construction 50 hours a week while my grandmother tended seven children. My own mother was not even allowed to attend college because they believed that girls werent supposed to go to college. Inequality and gender difference was very visible. Do to social construction, my mother grew up believing that there were certain jobs for men and certain jobs for women. Ironically it was the changing society of the late 60s and early 70s that gave my mother the motivation to question tradition. I feel that in this situation its not society in general that constructs gender but simply ignorance through tradition. In my mothers case it wasnt society at all but merely her families strict traditional values that tried construct her into the traditional women figure. Even though many years have past since my mother has grown up and much has changed traditional values still play a part in how gender difference is created in society. In my own life my family has influenced my views on gender dramatically. When I was young I would listen to my grandfather ramble (in that myopic traditionally old fashioned tone so common of an older generation) about the inadequacy of women drivers and the annoyances of having women in the workplace. As a young person his views were very impressionable and if I hadnt been corrected by my mother I may of easily carried these beliefs into adulthood. In another situation, if there was ever any mention of eating a microwave meal in front of my grandmother she would immediately begin a rant about how she used to cook breakfast, lunch and dinner for seven children, herself, and my grandfather everyday of the week with no exceptions. My grandmother never questioned the differences in gender supported by her own traditions. In her eyes these gender inequalities were not excusable but law. I do not believe, although, that society in general is completely innocent. Though I believe that tradition is basically to blame for gender differences its not at complete fault. Even in situations like the gender differences created by traditions in my family it required a society that either supported these differences or at least didnt question these differences. Society before the 1970s readily supported the idea that the man was to go out and make money and the women was to stay home and tend the house and children. It wasnt till the question everything ideals of the babyboomers that basic society became less of a resistance to gender equality. I am very aware that even in this modern age there are still gender differences and inequalities that are overlooked daily. Many of these have affected my own life. It wasnt long into junior high when I stopped playing sports to pursue more artistic interests. After doing this I felt very much like an outsider (at a time when fitting in was of most importance). I noticed that in most situations at school the guys would play the sports and the girls would cheer them on. In a small town like my own things like this were never questioned. Ideals like these seem horribly archaic as it silently enforces gender differences with almost no resistance. In my case I believe that even though my home town preached gender difference it was influence from greater society (specifically outside media) and my parents that motivated me to question these beliefs. Also, in todays society not all gender inequalities have been removed completely but rather replaced or transformed into something that is le ss noticeable on the surface. In sports today the big hype is the fact that there is now a female sports announcer for a professional ball team. In the past this position would of been considered a strictly male position. In fact it must still be considered a strictly male position or the idea of a female announcer would fail to be as surprising. .u9aab33b30b76ad2a8ba5507ee77e3d7d , .u9aab33b30b76ad2a8ba5507ee77e3d7d .postImageUrl , .u9aab33b30b76ad2a8ba5507ee77e3d7d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9aab33b30b76ad2a8ba5507ee77e3d7d , .u9aab33b30b76ad2a8ba5507ee77e3d7d:hover , .u9aab33b30b76ad2a8ba5507ee77e3d7d:visited , .u9aab33b30b76ad2a8ba5507ee77e3d7d:active { border:0!important; } .u9aab33b30b76ad2a8ba5507ee77e3d7d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9aab33b30b76ad2a8ba5507ee77e3d7d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9aab33b30b76ad2a8ba5507ee77e3d7d:active , .u9aab33b30b76ad2a8ba5507ee77e3d7d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9aab33b30b76ad2a8ba5507ee77e3d7d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9aab33b30b76ad2a8ba5507ee77e3d7d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9aab33b30b76ad2a8ba5507ee77e3d7d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9aab33b30b76ad2a8ba5507ee77e3d7d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9aab33b30b76ad2a8ba5507ee77e3d7d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9aab33b30b76ad2a8ba5507ee77e3d7d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9aab33b30b76ad2a8ba5507ee77e3d7d .u9aab33b30b76ad2a8ba5507ee77e3d7d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9aab33b30b76ad2a8ba5507ee77e3d7d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Language Arts Action Research EssayIn the end I feel that society has become a lot mor liberal in its views on gender and gender differences. I dont believe, however, that society is completely free of this inequality or if it will ever be. The problem remains that traditional families pass traditional family values and most of these values are outdated. Many gender related inequalities stem from beliefs passed on from parent to child. These beliefs leave strong impressions and are regarded as truths when this child grows up. I feel that to remove are inequalities from society we have to first learn how to stop spawning these differences from generation to generation. Fina lly I dont believe that we really have to worry about the gender difference created by putting blue or pink clothing on our children but rather what we teach these children after theyre in these clothing.

Family Counseling Approach Essays

Family Counseling Approach Essays Family Counseling Approach Essay Family Counseling Approach Essay All families are different, just as every individual is unique within the family structure but the general concept of family counseling is universal. The point is to help families work through conflicts and create resolutions that respect each individuals in the family unit. Individual goals become the family’s total goal. Its not about placing blame or playing one family member against the other. Family counseling is about family healing. Selecting a Family Counseling Service: Accepting that your family would benefit from an outsider helping to increase the harmony of all family members is just the first step. Locating a family counseling service thats right for you and yours is just as important. As counseling no longer carries the stigma it once had you can look to your religious leaders or members of your community. A search of the local yellow pages or your favorite search engine will also give you a list of available family counselors. The most important part of selecting a family counseling service is determining the ability of the counselor to reach every family member. So when selecting a service be aware that its not all about you. Dont choose a religious leader for family counseling if religious differences are part of your familys concerns. A well trained non biased counselor is needed Accept Benefits of Family Counseling: Being open to the need for family counseling, selecting a great family counselor and accepting revelations provided by the service is all part of the process. Learning that the stresses of life do come home with you is not as easy as saying these children show me no respect but saving the family unit is more important than each individuals awareness. : You should never approach family counseling if you believe you already have the answer to your familys issues. Openness to change is the only thing you need to take to family counseling. The Issue of Choice: Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Melissa Trask Liberty University May 12, 2010 Abstract Counseling has been in existence from the beginning of time. From Jethro to Freud, therapists and philosophers have been seeking insight into the core of human nature and cognitions. Cognitive-Behavioral therapy(CBT) recognizes that faulty cognitions and beliefs affect the behaviors of individuals. One method of cognitive-behavior therapy, reality therapy, incorporates the concepts of free choice and personal responsibility that are taught both in Scripture and Dr. William Glasser’s choice theory. Other aspects of CBT, such as cognitive restructuring and Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), also work towards eliminating negativistic attitudes of clients in exchange for more effective and realistic methods for interpreting the situations experienced in daily life. The Issue of Choice: Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy It Is this Essay helpful? Join OPPapers to read more and access more than 200,000 just like it! get  better  grades is suggested that an individual’s personality is a complex system of cognition, emotion, will, physiology, and spirituality. Hawkins proposes nine aspects of the human self to be active influences on one’s personality: â€Å"body, cognition, feelings, volition, human spirit, Holy Spirit, sin/flesh/SAS, temporal systems, and spiritual systems (Hawkins COUN507_BO1_200920). Each therapist individually determines what factors they believe to make up a person’s being. Larry Crabb views humans as involving both the physical and spiritual aspects of man. Man’s personality is then separated into five parts: the conscious mind, unconscious mind, heart, will, and emotions. He argues that the way in which an individual identifies what takes place in his/her life determines the emotional or behavioral outcome (Crabb, 1977). The cognitive-behavioral therapist sees individuals as functioning within continuous, shared interactions between behaviors and social conditions. Although these theorists once

S Dickens, innit - Emphasis

S Dickens, innit S Dickens, innit He began by turning Shakespeare into txt spk. Now its Dickens for da yoof of today. Martin Baum, a father from Bournemouth, has rewritten Dickens in yoof-speak in order he claims to get children interested in reading. Kids today have invented their own language, says Baum. And I use this language to try and engage them. Judge his alleged mission as you will, while you contemplate his opening to Da Tale of Two Turfs: It was da best of times and, not being funny or nuffing, but it was da worst of times, to be honest

The Issue of Equality and Fairness between Employees Research Paper

The Issue of Equality and Fairness between Employees - Research Paper Example Inputs include all the rich and diverse elements that employees believe they bring, or contribute, to the job – seniority, prior work experiences and job performance. Outcomes are the rewards they perceive they get from their jobs and employers; outcomes include direct pay and bonuses, fringe benefits, job security and economic rewards. Employees analyze the fairness of their own outcome/input "contract", and then compare their contract with contracts of other workers in similar jobs and even with those outside their job. Fairness of rewards (equity) may even be judged in comparison with relative criteria such as gender. Pay was a symbolic scorecard by which an employee may compare his/her outcomes with his/her inputs. An employees' reaction may be one of the three combinations that can occur from social and pay comparisons - equity, over reward and underreward. If employees perceive equity, they will be motivated to continue to contribute at about the same level. Otherwise, under conditions of inequity, they will experience tension that will create the motivation to reduce the inequity. The UK labor sector is still composed mostly of direct hire workers and employees although there is no doubt that there is a constant increase in the emergence of agency workers who mostly get affected with the ongoing issue of inequality. With this situation, the agency workers are susceptible to inequality or abuse in the employment sector. It is apparent that the legal framework and constitution should be reviewed and understood in reference to the rights that these agency workers have and if they are indeed fully covered and sheltered from any maltreatment of any kind.

Northern Emancipation 1783 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Northern Emancipation 1783 - Essay Example Both the religious leaders and the revolutionist were instrumental and played important role in the events that finally lead to emancipation of the north in1783 (Fiske, 2003). During this time, the African Americans were freed through escape, legal petitions and cases and manumission and hence the process did not take place in a fortnight but was a gradual process. However, one of the reasons for freedom of the African Americans was that the slavery was not economical like the other parts of the America because there were very few firms while the immigrant’s work force was on the higher end. The uneconomical; nature of slavery together with the efforts of the revolutionists enlightened the most people of the north and their moral views on slavery begun to change gradually. This was also coupled with the push for wage labor by the market economy because of the higher immigrants and low agricultural productivity (Fiske, 2003). As observed by Fiske (2003), in the north, the slave ry begun to wither because the slave-owners realized that slavery was impractical due to the agricultural limitations as well as the lack of plantation agriculture that was witnessed in other parts of the nation. This was also accompanied by the non agrarian economic activities that made it even difficult to practice agricultural activities in the region. This resulted into the increase in the other forms of entrepreneurship and hence slavery was becoming irrelevant. Slaves were looked at as liabilities for the owners but were no longer viewed as important assets. As a result there was a shift in the economy of the northern part of the nation. These economic changes forced the slave owners to abandon their slavery. According to Ludlow (1862), this happened because â€Å"the slave owners were forced to confront their own hypocrisy, having born witness to the heroic efforts of black patriots during the revolution, chose to abandon slavery on economic and moral grounds. Most of the bl acks had participated in the colony’s struggle for freedom and hence it was immoral for the white to keep them as slaves while they had shown their patriotism to the nation while they struggled for independence. The blacks were mainly influenced by the Jefferson’s discourse on the natural rights and liberty (Ludlow, 1862). As a result of this, many whites in the north took the issue of rights and liberty seriously and hence begun to emancipate their slaves while the revolutionary war was heightened. Because of these efforts and revolutionary influences, Vermont became the first to abolish slavery in the north during the year 1777. This was then followed by Massachusetts in the year 1783 which resulted into the ending of slavery in many other states that were practicing slavery. Other states that followed were Rhode Island and Connecticut in the year 1784. New York and New Jersey abolished slavery in the years 1785 and 1786 respectively (Ludlow, 1862). This indicates th at the lack of agricultural productivity only did not influence the abolishment of slavery trade but there were also some important revolutionary influences. Jefferson played an important role in the process since he initiated a discourse that would finally lead to the change in perception and the views of the northern whites with regard to slavery activities. The northern emancipation was however very unique and special compared to the other end of slavery

Phonological Neighborhood Size on Verbal Short-term Memory

Phonological Neighborhood Size on Verbal Short-term Memory NG LI JIA For several decades, researchers tried to understand the dynamics of short-term memory in speech processing and word recall. However, data were contradictory due to different lines of inquiry using varying methodologies. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of word recall and short-term memory remains an elusive, but not an impossible task. It is important to pinpoint how short-term memory and long-term memory interact so that light can be shed on illnesses which can affect speech articulation (Caplan, Michaud, Hufford, 2013). Current research focused on neighborhood size effect on the serial recall of words. Neighborhood size refers to the number of phonologically-similar words on a list that is serially recalled. Many experiments have shown that word recall was worse using lists with many phonologically similar words, i.e. words with a large neighborhood size. Roodenrys (2009) concluded the efficacy of word recall was more affected by large neighborhood size and frequency due to phonological similarities. However, when Roodenrys replicated Goh Pisonis (2003) experiments using words that were not neighbors on the same list, no effects were found for either large or small populations. The following experiment utilize lists where neighbors are present in set but not on same lists. It will also utilize lists where neighbors are present in list but not present in set. Therefore, hypothesized that serial recall will be more significantly than small neighborhood sizes as opposed to large neighborhood sizes where words are present in list but not in same set. In addition, it is hypothesized that significant effects will be noted by small neighborhood sizes on serial word recall when no neighbors appear in the set. Examination of past experimental methodologies is in order to determine where errors were made and how to navigate the best approach to prove or disprove the aforementioned hypotheses. Jalbert, Neath Suprenant (2011) showed that word length and concurrent articulation negated neighborhood size effects in mixed lists. Concurrent articulation is defined as when a word that is to be recalled is spoken or articulated almost simultaneously, adding a so-called cognitive load as well as noise to the to-be-remembered items (Jalbert et al., 2011). This study demonstrated that small neighborhood size was affected very little by concurrent articulation. The studys design was marred by the fact that such small sample was used. That is, only ten subjects were tested small number from which to collect meaningful data. Furthermore, it stands to reason that studies should use subjects who have similar educational backgrounds and/or similar ages, thereby eliminating confound. Older people may show quicker decay time when shown a word, thus slowing down process of redintegration. However, recalling longer words from larger neighborhood sizes, higher-educated people would be more familiar with lists and/or sets of words of longer lengths. In this study, English was native language of the subjects. However, they failed to mention whether subjects had proficiency in second language, a skill which could help recalled CVC (consonant-verb-consonant) words, or even with longer nonsense words. Example, if a subject was shown the nonsense word geto, subject may use secondary language to recall similar word gato which, in Spanish, means cat, or homonyms such as paro (a nonsense word) and pero, meaning but in Spanish, assisting in a different mechanism of recall other than a phonological loop. Goh and Pisoni (2008) used 56 subjects of roughly the same age and educational level in the first experiment of their study, thus potentially eliminating age and educational level variability and gathered more data from the subjects. Goh and Pisoni (2008) also considered short-term memory span (STM) and measured this variable accordingly, using the nine-digit span. The researchers found that all subjects scored about the same. However, this studys aim to measure lexical competition based on frequency and density of neighborhood sizes. They found that lexical competition among item-specific information for easy versus hard words in non-repeated lists was performed mainly in long-term memory (LTM) (Goh and Pisoni, 2008). The researchers assumed LTM and STM are static entities and they are not in flux. Moreover, their definitions of experimental effects fit STM versus LTM are ambiguous. The abovementioned researchers did not use nonsense words in their experiments, which would have served as a significant variable for determining boundaries of LTM and STM, because nonsense words are less frequent in large populations. Nonsense words would help eliminate lexical density in neighborhood populations and further define process of redintegration, i.e. how words decay into STM traces are somehow retrieved and reconstructed. Roodenrys et al. (2002) conducted similar study using 24 Australian subjects, all of them native English speakers. Roodenrys et al.s (2002) contradicted other findings that found speech perception in lexical properties playing a role in redintegration of words. Rather, these experiments pointed squarely to phonological processing rather than speech perception. While the design and methodology were sound, researchers failed to account for cultural. The results of all four experiments revealed a counterintuitive result, i.e. effects of neighborhood frequency had little impact on word recall. Roodenrys (2002) stressed that most of the word recall effects in their experiments were mediated by speech-production mechanisms. Researchers especially Roodenrys contended lexical memory equates with LTM. However, their line of reasoning is unsound. It seems the time elapsed between seeing a word and its recall should constitute one definition of how STM of word lists and intrusion errors across sets could delineate the boundary between STM and LTM. Another consideration, is the effect of pattern recognition on recall accuracy as well as the potential effect on LTM. Furthermore, there may not be a universal wiring schematic for individual. Finally, many of these questions will be investigated in this experiment and variables will be held constant to accurately calculate the effect of independent variable(s), and conclusive data will be collected to prove or disprove hypotheses that predict significant effects of small neighborhood sizes when no neighborhood words are on list but in a set and predicting significant effects of small neighborhood sizes (as opposed to large neighborhood sizes) when no neighborhood words appear in the set. References Caplan, D., Michaud, J., Hufford, R., (2013). Short Term Memory, Working Memory, and Syntactic Comprehension in Aphasia. Cognitive Neuropsychology 30(2). doi: 10.1080/02643294.2013.803958. Goh, W. D., Pisoni, D. B. (2003). Effects of lexical competition on immediate memory span for spoken words. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 56A, 929-954. Jalbert, A., Neath, I. Suprenant, A.M. (2011). Does length or neighbourhood size cause the word length effect. Memory Cognition, 39, 1198-1210. Roodenrys, S., Hulme, C., Lethbridge, A., Hinton, M., Nimmo, L.M., (2002). Word-Frequency and Phonological-Neighborhood Effects on Verbal Short-Term Memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 28(6): 1019- 1034. Roodenrys, S., (2009). Explaining Phonological Neighbourhood Effects in Short-Term Memory. Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences. Retrieved from http://ro.uow.edu.au/hbspapers/1693/

CORPORAL PUNISHMENT Essay

Positive Effects of Corporal Punishment Corporal punishment in regards to spanking has been used for hundreds of years in educational systems and in house holds and is still legal in all fifty states for parents to use in there household because it is an effective way to punish a child for wrong behavior. Even though in the last couple of decades this topic has been very controversial, many countries and educational systems have decided to outlawed corporal punishment because of the belief that it has created more and more violent behavior in children. But, there is still no direct link to spanking causing children to have more violent behavior. However, if youth violence and dysfunction is increasing at the same time that corporal punishment is decreasing, we should be open enough to consider whether the two trends are related. Maybe there is no connection. But maybe lawmakers and child welfare workers should pay more attention to the research suggesting that physical discipline can be helpful in certain contexts (Larzele re,2005). The whole reason for ‘punishment’ is to stop a behavior from happening again by applying an unpleasant stimulus immediately after a bad behavior has occurred. Therefore, we use corporal punishment because it is a method of punishment called punishment by application which spanking is applied to the child after a bad behavior, preventing it from happening again, which also help implement discipline. But corporal punishment is being apposed because other studies say it promotes more anger and aggression in juveniles, but places where it has been totally outlawed have shown different results. For instance, after Sweden outlawed spanking, violent behavior did not decrease. Instead, there has been substantially more violence in Sweden than ever before– violence by children, violence by parents, and violence by society in general (Grusec, 1994). That being said, there is no direct link to corporal punishment being the cause of violence increase because this shows it did just the opposite. But research does show that it could be linked to  something else, journalist Patricia Hersch tells of the ‘deluge of adolescent dysfunction sweeping the nation, manifesting itself in everything from drugs, sex, and underachievement to depression, suicide, and crime’; and it is being seen in younger and younger children. About 20% of kids now ‘have some sort of developmen tal, learning, or behavioral disorder.’ And as the Carnegie Council on Adolescent Development warns, ‘substantial numbers of American youth are at risk of reaching adulthood unable to meet adequately the requirements of the workplace, the commitments of relationships in families and with friends, and the responsibilities of participation in a democratic society.’(Hersch, 1998) And a lot of this is being caused by the lack of parenthood and how parents are raising their kids now days with substantially fewer parents staying home with their kids and we have become addicted to TV, movies, and videogames (Rosemond, 1989). Parents don’t have to attend to their kids as much because they just put a T.V. or some kind of videogame system in front of them to keep them occupied. Thus, giving the kids less interaction with other people and their parents, which can lead to bad relationships and also antisocial which leads to aggression as well. So we see all these thin gs that easily effect our children and their behavior but people still try to link all of it back to corporal punishment when we should look at the big picture. A common misunderstanding is how to use corporal punishment correctly, and the primary goal most parents have in administering corporal punishment is to stop children from misbehaving immediately (Gershoff, 2002) and is indeed a good method when used correctly. When a parent is using corporal punishment out of anger, frustration, or aggression, the child will learn that same action you apply on them. Therefore, the punishment can be classified as abuse to an extent and when pain is being forced on a child out of your own aggression and anger they learn those same attributes and those later on cause behavioral problems down the road. But when used just to stop a specific behavior with out trying to inflict pain on the child is when it is most effective, and yes spanking is a primitive discipline method. But a child’s mind is also primitive. As researchers like Dr. Jean Piaget of the University of Geneva have popularized, kids learn from the tangible to the intangible—fro m the concrete to the abstract. It is during  the tangible, concrete stages when physical discipline seems to be the most helpful (Fuller, 2010). Thus, when using corporal punishment correctly and not abusively, the child understands immediately at a younger age. It is just like a dog, you need to train them at a very young age for the training to be most effective. Same thing goes for children because at a young age is when it becomes concrete, and just like dogs again, and when they start getting older it’s harder to get children to obey, and you cant teach a dog new tricks. But statistics from Sears, Maccoby, and Levin (1957) show that they found that 99% of the children they studied experienced CP at least occasionally. If that’s true and corporal punishment causes aggression, promotes violent activities, and learning disabilities like people say then why doesn’t everyone have aggression, behavior problems, and learning disabilities? They don’t because spanking is to be better at controlling aggression than mental punishments like timeout, reasoning, scolding, â€Å"non-contact† punishment, privilege removal, love withdrawal, or diverting. Also showing that calm and controlled spanking, and spanking in response to defiance, is uniformly more beneficial than other punishments. (Larzelere,2005) Growing up in a household where corporal punishment was definitely used by my parents, I feel my experience has had a huge impact on me because it has honestly helped me now more than anything. I say that because at a young age I learned fast what was right and wrong and have always been able to pick up onto things fast, and as I grew up I might have had some family problems and what not but I feel like me being disciplined at such a young age, it has kept with me all along. And I’m not just disciplined because I think I will be punished or something, but I have learned to be more, I’ve learned to be self-disciplined, and being disciplined has helped me in school, sports, living life on a daily basis, and my future. And that is another reason I believe corporal punishment is effective; it teaches discipline at such a young age, and with discipline comes responsibility, and these two traits are key for healthy lifestyle not just at a young age but through your whole life . Because no matter how old you are their will always be a punishment for your disobedience, whether it’s disobeying your parents or it’s  disobeying a police officer, either way your going to have to disciplined enough to take responsibility for your actions. And if your making bad decisions or choices then you’ll probably have a worse punishment whether it’s a spanking or you go to prison. Punishments just get worse as we get older so might as well be disciplined now then end up in jail. In conclusion, I see corporal punishment as a very effective way for children to learn not to disobey your parents but to also just be obedient in general. Even though some researchers say it has evidence leading to violent behaviors and aggression, their research seems to be inadequate when it comes to the results and observations of research. Research trying to support the outlaw of corporal punishment even says the evidence presented is not strong enough to permit a conclusion that it has been proven that smacking causes long term adverse effects on children (Larzelere,2005). Proving my point that corporal punishment is not a direct link to issues down the line, and I would like to reinforce that corporal punishment is an effective way of punishment if used for the right reason and depending on the context of the behavior, and that it has personally directed me and influenced me in more of a positive way. Abstract After using the information I was able to gather from R. E. Larzelere, J. E. Grusec, P. Hersch, as well as J. Rosemod to help support my idea that corporal punishment is still an effective way of punishment in today’s society. Even though there is so many argued topics on the issue at the moment, I still concluded from my research that corporal punishment has no direct link to violence, aggression, and behavioral problems. Even after looking at evidence from E. Gershoff that tries to support the idea that corporal punishment causes behavioral problems as well as violent behaviors, a thorough understanding of whether and how corporal punishment affects children has not been reached. It hasn’t been reached because the research that is being used is unreliable and some of the parents are not aware of how to properly use corporal punishment on a child, so they are actually doing harm to their child because they are punishing the child out of anger rather than the sole reaso n to stop a behavior. Therefore, I believe  corporal punishment is an effective way of punishment and helps direct children the correct way down the road in life with quality traits like discipline, responsibility, and respecting and obeying your authorities. Reference Robert E. Larzelere & Brett R. Kuhn, Comparing Child Outcomes of Physical Punishment and Alternative Disciplinary Tactics: A Meta-Analysis, 8 CLINICAL CHILD & FAM. PSYCHOL. REV. 1, 32 (2005) [hereinafter Larzelere, Meta-Analysis] Joan E. Grusec & Jacqueline J. Goodnow, Impact of Parental Discipline Methods on the Child’s Internalization of Values: A Reconceptualization of Current Points of View, 30 DEV. PSYCHOL. 7 (1994) PATRICIA HERSCH, A TRIBE APART: A JOURNEY INTO THE HEART OF AMERICAN ADOLESCENCE 12 (1998) JOHN ROSEMOND, JOHN ROSEMOND’S SIX-POINT PLAN FOR RAISING HAPPY, HEALTHY CHILDREN 179-80 (1989) Gershoff, E. (2002). Corporal punishment by parents and associated child behaviors and experiences: A meta-analytic and theoretical review.Psychological Bulletin, 128(4), 539-579. Retrieved from http://www.comm.umn.edu/~akoerner/courses/4471-F12/Readings/Gershoff (2002).pdf

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Acknowledgment First and foremost, I would like to thank Allah s.w.t for making things easy for me on doing and completing this assignment. Secondly, I would like to thank my family and friends for supporting and helping me accomplishing my task. Without their support and trust, I could have never been able to accomplish this task brilliantly. Not forgetting my Business Strategy lecturer, Madam Marini Mohamed Azhari for all the help and guidance she had made. If it’s not for my lecturer, I would have never know how to do this task as good as I think I’ve been. For all the knowledge she had taught and shared, I would like to say thank you and it has been a great pleasure for me to accomplish this task by using the knowledge I’ve gained†¦show more content†¦Pfizer will have to take on retailers such as Target, Walmart, or Rite Aid, which already have programs in place, offering lower-priced generic drugs to their customers. 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With the FDA having increased regulatory power, Pfizer s costs areShow MoreRelatedCitibank: Launching the Credit Card1495 Words   |  6 PagesSingapore, Thailand, Taiwan, Malaysia, India, and Indonesia; Further develop Hong Kong market; Enter Korea Ââ€" whenever regulations allow it. • Use different appeals/ value prepositions: in India, Indonesia, Taiwan, Thailand, Malaysia emphasize status; target upper and upper-middle class; use Citibank and Dinners database to qualify customers and minimize credit risk; create strategic alliance with high-end retailers, providers of luxury services; in Australia, Singapore, Hong Kong emphasize service,Read MoreRequest For Proposal Rfp ( Rfp )1271 Words   |  6 PagesREQUEST FOR PROPOSAL (RFP) WIRELESS COMP COMPANY REAPER MACHINES 2335 LENOX ST. CHARLOTTE, NC, 28056 8/11/2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND 2 2. PROPOSAL GUIDELINES 2 3. PROJECT PURPOSE AND DESCRIPTION 3 4. PROJECT SCOPE 3 5. PROPOSAL AND PROJECT TIMELINE 4 6. BUDGET 5 7. 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